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memory - Coggle Diagram
memory
accuracy of eyewitness testimony: misleading information
evaluation
supporting evidence
EWT in real life
real-world applications
leading questions
key study: Loftus and Palmer (1974)
experiment 1
procedure
findings
experiment 2
procedure
findings
post-event discussion
conformity effect
repeat interviewing
further evaluation
individual differences
it may be response bias
short and long term memory
capacity
evaluation
the capacity of STM may be even more limited
the size of the chunk matters
individual differences
the capacity of STM
the magic number 7+-2
duration
evaluation
testing STM was artificial
STM results may be due to displacement
the duration of STM
the duration of LTM
coding
evaluation
Baddeley may not have tested LTM
STM may not be exclusively acoustic
LTM may not be excusively semantic
acoustic and semantic coding
the multi-store model of memory
description of the multi-store model
sensory register
attention
short-term memory
maintenance rehearsal
long-term memory
retrieval
evaluation
strengths
supporting evidence
case studies
limitations
the multi-store model is too simple
long-term memory involves more than maintenance rehearsal
further evaluation
how separate are STM and LTM?
the working memory model
description of the working memory model (WMM)
central executive
phonological loop
visuospatial sketchpad
episodic buffer
evaluation
strengths
dual task performance
evidence from brain-damaged patients
limitations
the central executive
evidence from brain-damaged patients
further evaluation
evidence for the phonological loop and articulatory process
types of long-term memory
description of different types of long-term memory
episodic memory
semantic memory
procedural memory
evaluation
evidence from brain scans
distinguishing procedural and declarative memories
distinguishing episodic and semantic memories
further evaluation
evidence from patients with brain damage
priming and a fourth kind of LTM
explanations for forgetting: interference
description of interference theory
retroactive interference
proactive interference
similarity of test materials
a real-world study
evaluation
research is quite artificial
interference only explains some situations of forgetting
accessibility versus availability
further evaluation
real-world application to advertising
individual differences
explanations for forgetting: retrieval failure
description of retrieval failure
the encoding specificity principle
context-dependent forgetting
sate-dependent forgetting
evaluation
there is a lot of research support
real-world application
retrieval cues do not always work
further evaluation
the danger of circularity
retrieval failure explains interference effects
accuracy of eyewitness testimony: anxiety
effects of anxiety
anxiety has a negative effect on accuracy
key study: Johnson and Scott (1976)
findings
procedure
anxiety has a positive effect on accuracy
resolving the contradiction
evaluation
weapon focus may not be caused by anxiety
real life versus lab studies
no simple conclusion
further evaluation
individual differences
an alternative model
improving the accuracy of eyewitness testimony: the cognitive interview
description of the cognitive interview
mental reinstatement of original context
report everything
change order
change perspective
evaluation
research into effectiveness of the cognitive interview
quantity versus quality
problems with using the CI in practice
further evaluation
difficulties in establishing effectiveness
individual differences