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Open-Die Forging - Coggle Diagram

- - - - radial flow of material and height uniform
        
        force to perform upsetting (formula)
        
        A increases
        
        Y_f increases due to work hardening
        
        maximum force at end of forging stroke
        
        h decreases
  - - - barreliing
        
        more pronounced in hot forming than in cold forming due to higher friction coefficient
        and if diameter/height ratio is high (higher contact surface)
        
        upsetting forces greater than ideal condition
        
        to calculate force shape factor introduced
        
        shape factor accounts for effects on D/h ratio and friction
        
        K_f (formula)
        
        1 more item...
- - - - similar to fullering, except dies have concave surfaces
    - - sequence of forging compressions along length of a workpiece to reduce cross section and increase length
      - used to produce blooms and slabs from cast ingots
      - accomplished using open dies with flat or slightly contoured surfaces
    - - forging operation performed to reduce cross section and redistribute metal in a workpart in preparation for subsequent shape forging
      - accomplished by dies with complex surfaces
      - die cavities often disigned into multi-cavity impression dies so that starting ar can be rough formed before final shaping