Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
CHILDBEARING - Coggle Diagram
CHILDBEARING
Childbearing
- The decision to have children
Total Fertility Rate
- The number of children who would be born per woman (or per 1,000 women) if she were to pass through the childbearing years bearing children according to a current schedule of age-specific fertility rates
General Fertility Rate
- The total number of live births per 1,00 women of reproductive age (ages 15-49) in a population per year
Birth Rate
- The number of live births per thousand of population per year
Average family size
- Defined in terms of the number of children in the househol
Average household size
- Defined by the number of people residing in a single residence
Reasons for the trends
Contraception:
- Since the the introduction of safer, legal + effective methods of contraception became avaliable, it has allowed women + couples to control the number of children they have/when to have them
Education:
- Since the introduction of compulsory education, children have gone from being an economic asset to an economic burden
- Whereas, in the 1900's children would be working from a young age, but children today are in compulsory education until 18 + parents today can support their children well into their 20's
Role of women:
- Many women now want to have a career of their own rather than care for a large family
- By a woman putting her career first, she will leave having children until later in life
- Average age of first child is currently 30 years - this means they have less time to have more children
Infant Mortality Rate:
- Fewer people die in their childhood than ever before, which means that fewer families are compensating by having more children in the hope that 1 or 2 will survive infancy
- 1900 = 22.5% of live births would die before 5th birthday
- 2015 = 0.5% of live births would die before 5th birthday
Geographic Mobility:
- Modern labour force needs to be very mobile
- This is an incentive for smaller families because it makes it easier to pack up + move elsewhere
Changing Values:
- Parenthood = lifelong, stressful commitment + many couples are now deciding they don't want children, whereas before this would have been a bad thing - it is not accepted within society
Economic Factors:
- The cost of raising a child is rising every year
- Current estimate - £235,000 from birth to age 18 + 271,000 if going to 21 including university education
- This can influence couples who choose to only have 1 child as they cannot afford to have a second
-