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HISPANIC DOMINANCE - Coggle Diagram
HISPANIC DOMINANCE
THE UNIVERSAL CHRISTIAN EMPIRE OF CARLOS V
Territories inherited by Carlos V
From his mother, Juana I (‘la Loca’)
The kingdoms of the Catholic Monarchs (1518)
This included the Crowns of Aragón and Castilla, with their extensive territories in the Mediterranean and America
In Spain, members of the Habsburg family were known as the Austrias, the royal family, called the House of Austria
From his father, Felipe I (‘el Hermoso’)
The kingdoms of his paternal grandmother, Mary of Burgundy, (1506)
These included Flanders and Burgundy
From his paternal grandfather, Maximilian I of Austria
Austria
The right to the title of emperor (1519)
Other territories in the Holy Roman Empire
No real political unity in this vast empire
The only thing the kingdoms had in common was the sovereign
The Empire included two key areas
Flanders
Its rich trade and craft sectors
Castilla
Important financial resources that were reinforced by the arrival of precious metals from America
Carlos of Habsburg was the grandson of the Catholic Monarchs
He inherited a large empire from his four grandparents
Wars in the empire
Carlos V’s main aspiration was to establish a universal Christian Empire
Based on the old medieval idea of the unity of all Christian kingdoms under one imperial leader
He tried to become the dominant ruler in Europe so that he could defend the interests of Catholicism
This groups were opposed to this
The Protestants in the Holy Roman Empire
France
Because of its traditional hostility towards Aragón, Burgundy and Austria, now territories ruled by Carlos V
The French King Francis I
Tried to become Holy Roman Emperor, but failed
The Ottoman Empire
Was expanding through the Balkans, threatening Austrian territories
The pope
He feared that the emperor would become the head of Christendom
His territories were almost completely surrounded by those of Carlos V
The reign of Carlos V
THE HISPANIC KINGDOMS UNDER CARLOS V AND FELIPE II
Rebellions during Felipe II's reign
The war of the Alpujarras
The moriscos were expelled from Granada and sent to other parts of the Crown of Castilla
They were suspected of conspiring with Berber and Ottoman pirates
In 1568, the moriscos in the Kingdom of Granada revolted against the prohibition of some of their customs
The rebellion was put to an end in 1571
The revolt of Aragón
The main protagonists were members of the lower nobility, artisans and the working classes in Zaragoza, Teruel, Albarracín, Caspe and Daroca
The rebellion was suppressed by the royal army between 1591 and 1592
The result of long-standing social conflict
Occurred in 1591
Rebellions during Carlos V’s reign
The Revolt of the Comuneros
Started in Castilla (1520)
Protest by members of the nobility and the wealthy middle class in Spain’s large cities
Opposed to the appointment of Flemish noblemen to some of the kingdom’s most important positions
The revolt was led by Padilla, Bravo and Maldonado
The Revolt of the Germanías
There were major revolts in the kingdoms of Valencia and Mallorca (1519 -1523)
Suppressed through collaboration between the royal army and the nobility
The result of
Oppression by the nobility in rural areas, government corruption in cities, and the large debts owed by town councils
The Economy
The population had not stopped growing since the 15th century
Meanwhile, the monarchy’s foreign policy required higher taxes, making the population poorer
This foreign policy also affected foreign trade
The economy of the Hispanic kingdoms
Grew throughout the 16th century
It began to decline in the last few decades
The agricultural sector was not meeting the demand for food
Lot of social problems during the 16th century
Banditry in the Crown of Aragón
Outlaws attacked travellers and rich property owners in large rural areas
Even members of the lower nobility became bandits
In addition, there were also four major rebellions
THE HISPANIC MONARCHY UNDER FELIPE II
Councils system
During the reigns of Carlos V and Felipe II
Various councils were created
The Council of State
For foreign policy
The Councils of Flanders
The Council of the Indies
The governing body of Spain’s colonies
Portugal and the Treasury
To run Castilla’s Treasury
The Council of Italy
Separate from the Council of Aragón
The Council of the Chamber of Castilla
Responsible for appointments
Located in the Alcázar of Madrid
Fight for dominance and economic problems
As a result of the monarchy’s dominance and staunch support of the Counter-Reformation
Felipe II gained two more enemies in addition to those he inherited from Carlos V
England
A Protestant kingdom
Began to compete for control of the
Atlantic Ocean
American territories
Flanders
A rebellion (caused by the arrival of Calvinism and economic problems)
Began in 1566, led by William of Orange and other noblemen
Felipe II was able to maintain his international policy thanks to his powerful royal armies
Funded by precious metals from America and money collected primarily in Castilla
The Royal Treasury went bankrupt on several occasions
Felipe II recognised as the king of Portugal by the Portuguese Courts of Tomar, in 1580
Portugal kept its own laws and government institutions
They incorporate all the Portuguese colonies into his kingdom
He gained an empire of global proportions
Tercios
Most members of the tercios were volunteers
Their squads were compact and mobile
Military infantry units from the Habsburg army
They used firearms
They revolutionised military strategy and played a key role in the military success of the Hispanic Monarchy
Sebastian I of Portugal died without an heir in 1578
Felipe II, (a relative) claimed his crown
He was suupported by the nobility and merchants
He invaded Portugal and defeated his opponent
Antonio of Portugal,(grandson of Manuel I), also claimed the throne
He was supported by the cities and working classes
Felipe II’s foreign policy was characterised by wars against four main powers
Inheritance and rule
Carlos V
Abdicated in 1556
His inheritance
Divided between his brother Fernando and his son Felipe II
Fernando inherited
The Habsburg Empire
The right to the imperial title
Felipe II
Inherited
The kingdoms of
Spain
Burgundy
Reigned between 1556 and 1598
Castilla was the kingdom that made the greatest financial contribution to the Empire
Felipe II
Chose Madrid as Spain’s capital (1561)
During his reign, he completed the implementation of a system of monarchical government
Started by the Catholic Monarchs
Based on a system of councils
