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Religious reforms - Coggle Diagram
Religious reforms
Catholic reformation
Catholic Church tried stop spread of Protestant Reformation
Carrying out an internal reform
The Church's hierarchical structure was reaffirmed
Catholic dogma was also reaffirmed
One of the most important principles
That salvation was achieved through faith and good works
Vulgate Bible
The only valid version
And the Catholic Church interpretation the only correct one
The seven sacrament and worship of the Virgin Mary and saints
Were maintained.
Priests and the high clergy
Needed to have better discipline and training.
To consolide the work of the council, Inquisition was strengthened
And a list of prohibited books, was created.
Compañia de Jesus was created by Ignacio de Loyola
To promote Ctholicism.
Calvinism
Protestant ideas spread Europe and reached cantons
A French priest called John Calvin (1509-1564)
Established a theocracy in Geneva.
System of goverment was based on principles
Strict adherence to the Bible
Belief in predestination
Humility and austherity
Influence of Calvinism
Spread throughout other European territories and kingdoms
In France, were called Huguenots
Were particularly successful, where Catharism
Thrived before it was eliminated by the Pope's crusade
Calvinists in the Low Countries, Scotland and England, Puritans.
The catholic church in crisis
The beginning of the Modern Age
The authority of the Catholic Church was being challenged.
People believed it was not hinouring its spiritual principles
Was failing to adapt to the times
Humanism
Emphasised value of humans
And also promoted individual interpretation of the Bible.
The aim
Was to encourage personal, critical religious thinking.
Invention of the printing press
These ideas began to spread.
Development of authoritian monarchies
Meant that monarchs had more control over the Church
Making someone the authority of the pope.
Buying and selling indulgences was introduced.
Sins could be pardoned in exchange for money given to Church
For catholics
This was a way of becoming more spiritually and morally
As they no longer feared going to hell.
This was criticised by both priests and humanists.
They were many other harmful practices at the heart of Church
Some reforms
Correcting moral standards.
Priests, did not honour their religious vows.
Not able to give proper spiritual guidance to their parishioners
Preventing corruption
Clergymen engaged in corrupt practices
Simony
Nepotism
Living humbly
High clergy was were wealthy
Believed that this was not consistent with the Christian doctrine
Clergymen from noble and wealthy middle-class families
Owned large properties and also benefited from tithe payments.
The Church was resistant to change.
Catholic society believed that sin was the roof of all evil
Ther Church's resistance to change, reinforced the perception
Important figures.
Erasmus of Rotterdam
Cardinal Cisneros.
Called for changes
So like that, the Church could become more modern.
The protestant reformation.
Lutheran reformation.
The first religion reform of the 16th century
Started by the German friar Martin Luther.
Opposed Pope Leo X's porposal to grant indulgences
In exchange for money to build St.. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican.
1517, Luther wrote his Ninety-five Theses, criticising indulgences.
Thanks to the printing press, they were circulated widely
The popke asked Luther to retract his theses, but refused.
He was therefore excommunicated, i.e. expelled
From the Christian community
Luther developed his own based on individual Christianity
Lutheran ideas spread the Holy Roman Empire.
Emperor Carlos V intervened.
Tried to seek a compromise between Luther and Catholic Church
He later condemned Lutheranism at two imperian assemblies
Diet of Worms (1521)
Diet of Speyer. (1529)
Six reformist princes and fourteen cities protested.
Therefore became know as Protestants.
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Sacraments
Lutheran doctrine
Free interpretation of the Bible
Anyone could interpret the Bible's message.
Reformation of the sacraments
Included only two sacraments
Baptism
Eucharist
Salvation through faith
Only needed to ave very strong faith.
Churchs involvement was not required.
Universal priesthood.
Rejected the hierarchy of the Catholic Church + pope authority
Religious orders
Worship of images of the Virgin Mary were prohibited,
Catholic doctrine
Catholicism had seven sacraments
.
Eucharist
Penance
Confiramtion
Anointing the Sick
Matrimony
Holy Orders.
Baptism
Had a well - defined hierarchical structure
Church's interpretation of the Bible was the only valid interpretatio
Military orders + religious, worshipping Virg in Mary - saints impor.
You must faits, follow al precepts and do good works
