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Biological Macromolecules and Lipids, biological and applications, polymer…
Biological Macromolecules and Lipids
The Molecules of Life
Macromolecules
4 main types
nucleic acids
composed of Nucleotide
proteins
composed of Amino acid
lipids
phosholipid
carbohydrates
composed of Glucose
(sugars and the polymers of sugars)
monosaccharide
simplest carbohydrates
Aldose
Ketose
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
polysaccharides
polymers composed of many sugar building blocks
Storage Polysaccharides
Starch
Glycogen
Structural Polysaccharides
cellulose
Chitin
disaccharide
Sucrose
Lactose
Maltose
monomers
Lipids
phospholipids
steroids
fats
fatty acid
Saturated fatty acid
saturated fats
(made from saturated fatty acids)
Unsaturated fatty acids
unsaturated fats
(made from saturated fatty acids)
adding H
trans fats
Glycerol
Phospholipids
hydrophobic
(two tail)
hydrophilic
(head)
proteins
defense proteins
storage proteins
enzymatic proteins
catalysts
transport proteins
hormonal proteins
receptor proteins
contractile and motor proteins
structural proteins
denaturation
loss native structure
folding in cell
misfolded proteins
Parkinson's
mad cow disease
Alzheimer's
determine a protein's structure
nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(NMR)
bioinformatics
X-ray crystallography
Amino Acid Monomers
amino acids
amino and carboxyl groups
Four Levels of Protein Structure
secondary structure
α helix and β pleated sheet
teriary structure
hydrogen bonds
ionic bonds
hydrophobic interactions
van der Waals interactions
primary structure
quaternary structure
collagen
About red blood cell
Hemoglobin
2α and 2β subunits
Sickle-cell disease
(inherited blood disorder)
slight change in primary structure
nucleic acids
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
nitrogenous bases
pyrimidines
T(in DNA)
U(in DNA)
C
purines
A
G
complementary base pairing
biological and applications
genomics
proteomics
bioinformatics
polymer
H+OH->H2O
dehydration reaction
H2O->H+OH
hydrolysis
Steroids
Steroids
Cholesterol
enzymes