Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Oscar Quiroz Period 5 Immune System - Coggle Diagram
Oscar Quiroz
Period 5
Immune System
Major functions of the lymphatic & Immune System
The major functions of the innate system is that it uses the first and/or second line of defense to prevent attacks from pathogens.
Phagocytes are part of the function of the innate system, because they are white blood cells and they ingest/digest, along with neutrophils, they can become pahocytes on exposure to material that's infected, and macrophages develop from monocytes and they're chief phagoytic cells
Natural killer cells secrete in potent chemicals that enhance the inflammatory response and they kill by inducing apoptosis in the cancer cells and virus infected cells
Inflammation is the tissue to response when you have injuries/triggered when body tissues are injured.The pros of inflammation is that it prevents the spread of damaging agents,The stages of inflammation is that inflammatory chemicals are released, vasodilation and increased vascular permeability.
The major functions of the adaptive system is that it is a specific defensive system that eliminates almost any pathogen or cell in the body.
The characteristics of the adaptive system and they are specific,systemic and memory
memory: mounts an even stronger attack to "known"
systemic:not restricted to initial state
specific:recoginze and targets specific antigens
Lymphocytes are part of the function of the adaptive system, it's development, maturation and activation.There were five general steps
origin:both lymphocytes originate in red bone marrow
maturation:Lymphocytes must be able to recognize only 1 specific region
seeding secondary lymphoid organs and circulation: B and T cells are not yet exposed to antigen called naive
Antigen encounter and activation:Lymphocytes is selected to differentiate into active cell by binding to the specific region
Proliferation and differentiation:Once selected and activated, lymphocyte proliferates
Purposes and examples of First, Second and Third lines of defense
The purpose for the first line defense is the surface barrier to protect the skin.
The purpose for the second line of defense is internal defense which is inflammation and phagocytes
The third line of defense is that humoral immunity is B cells and cellular immunity is T cells
Innate immune defense and Adaptive immune defense
Innate defense system is the first and the second line of defense.The first line of defense is the external body membranes that consists of mucous and skin
The second line is antimicrobial proteins along with phagocytes and other cells.
The third line of defense is the adaptive system which attacks particular foreign substances and that takes a lot longer to react.
Location of Lymphatic organs and functions
The location of the lymphatic organs and functions is
Lymphoid cells:In the adaptive system and the T cell manage immune system response
Lymphoid tissue:In the lymphatic system and functions are composed of recticular connective tissue and provides proliferation for lymphoctes
Lymphoid organs: in the lymphatic system and grouped of two functional categoris such as primarly and secondary organs, the primary is where areas that T cells and B cells mature red bone marrow and thymus and the secondary is when areas lymphocytes first encounter antigens and activate
Artificial vs Naturally acquired immunity
The naturally acquired is when antibodies are delivered to fetus via placenta or to infant through milk
The naturally acquired for artifical immunity is formed in response to actual bacteria/ virus infection
The artifically acquired for artificial immunity is formed in response to vaccine of dead/attended pathogens
The artifically acquired for passive immunity is injection of serum such as gamma globulin
Humoral response and Cellular response
Humoral response is when B cells identify and target antigens, it can provoke immune responses
Cellular response is when T cells provide defense against intracellular antigens
Passive vs Active immunity
Active: Occurs when B cells encounter antigens and produce antibodies against them
Passive: Occurs when ready-made antibodies are introduced in body
Antigens and Antibodies
Antigens are substances and they can mobilize adaptive defenses and provoke an immune response.Antigens can be a complete antigen or hapten(incomplete) or self antigen.
Self antigens are MHC proteins and all the cells are covered with a set of proteins that is located on the surface, and they are coded by genes of major histompatibility complex and unique.
Antigen presenting cells-APC's have 3 major types
B lymphocytes: DO not activate naive T cells
Dendrite cells: found in connective tissue and epidermis
Macrophages: Widely distributed in connective tissue and lymphoid organs
Antibodies also known as immunoglobulins(Igs) proteins secreted by piosma cells
The defensive mechanisms used antibodies and they were
Neutralization: prevent antigens from binding to receptors on tissue cells
Agglutination: Allows for antigen-antibody complexes to become cross-linked into large lattice like clumps
Precipitation: Soluble molecules are cross linked into complexes
Complement fixation: Main antibody defense against cellular antigens
Cells involved in the immune system and their functions
The cells and chemicals that are involved in the immune system are
Antimicrobial proteins
Inflammatory response
Natural cells
Fever
Phagocytes
Disorders associated with the immune system
Autoimmune diseases is resulting when the immune system loses the ability to distinguish self from foreign antigens a symptom is hyperthyroidism
Hogkins disease is an immunodeficiency that causes cancer of B cells that depresses lymph nodes cells
Immunodeficienies can be caught by AIDS and the symptoms are being when the immune system collapses