Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Immune System Denise Urzua Period 5 - Coggle Diagram
Immune System Denise Urzua Period 5
Major Functions of the Lymphatic System and Immune System
Immune System: Identifies threat, mount attack, kill pathogens, and remember to fight off later
Lymphatic System: Maintains fluid levels responsible for part of immune response
Lymphatic Organs and Functions:
Thymus: T cell maturation site
MALT: Tonsils and peyer's patches
Bone Marrow: T cells and B cells originate here
Tonsils: prevents pathogens from penetrating mucous membranes
Peyer's Patches: prevents pathogens from penetrating mucous membranes, site for lymphocytes activation and proliferation
Appendix: no known function
Lymph nodes: Cleanse lymph, site for lymphocyte activation and proliferation
First, Second, and Third Line of Defense (purpose and examples)
Second line of defense: Stop attacks against pathogens antimicrobial proteins, phagocytes, NK cells, inflammation response and fever
Third line of defense: attacks specific foreign substances
First Line of Defense: Stop attacks against pathogens Includes skin and body membranes
Innate immune system vs Adaptive immune system
Innate immune system: Non specific; Includes first and second line of defense- First line of defense is skin and body membrane: Second line of defense- antimicrobial proteins, phagocytes, and other cells; Causes- Fever and inflammation
Adaptive immune system: Two branches- Humoral and cellular immune system; Highly specific; Creates memory cells to help fight when it recognizes antigen; Third line of defense; Cells- T cells, B cells, and antigen presenting cells ( B cells, macrophages and dendritic cells)
Humoral response and Cellular Response
Humoral Response: B cells; Antibodies flow freely and bind temporary to target cell
Cellular Response: T cells; Directly- kills cells; Indirectly- activates lymphocytes or macrophages or enhance inflammatory response
Antigens vs Antibodies
Antigens: responsible for causing immune response; unique to each individual and encoded by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes
Antibodies: response to antigens
Artificially vs. Naturally acquired immunity
Artificially acquired immunity: made in response of dead pathogen- Vaccines (active humoral immunity); antibodies are passed on to fetus or to infant through milk (passive humoral immunity)
Naturally acquired immunity: made in response to exposure to actual virus or bacteria- getting sick (active humoral immunity); injection of serum which provides immediate protection (passive humoral immunity)
Passive vs. Active immunity
Passive Immunity: Examples- Mother antibodies to fetus
Active Immunity: Examples- Vaccines, infection, and producing antibodies
Cells involved in the immune system and their functions
T cells: type of white blood cells that helps body fight infection
B cells: type of white blood cells that makes antibodies
Cytotoxic cells: destroying cells harboring foreign antigens
Natural Killer cells: Kills cancer and virus infected cells using apoptosis
Helper T cells: can activate B cells, T cells, and macrophages-direct adaptive immune response
CD4 Cells: becomes helper T cells some become regulatory T cells and or memory cells
CD8 Cells: become cytotoxic T cells also become memory T cells- activated T cells
Dendritic cells: Phagocytize pathogens that enter tissues, then enter lymphatics to present antigens to T cells in lymph node
Macrophages: most robust type of phagocytic cell; Activates T cells
Neutrophils: most abundant phagocytes
Phagocytes: white blood cells that eat and digest foreign invaders
Memory Cells: Cells that aren't killed after apoptosis which are used to fight off infection faster
Disorders associated with the Immune system
Pinworm infection: small round worm called enterobius vermicularis that live in the large intestine
Meningitis: Inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord
Tetanus: Bacterial infection that cause painful muscle contraction in neck and jaw making it hard to open jaw
Hepatitis B: Liver infection by the hepatitis B virus
Toxoplasmosis: caused by protozoan
Polio disease: a disabling and life threatening disease caused by poliovirus
Hand foot and mouth disease: an illness that's from a variety of viruses affecting hand, feet, and mouth
Measles: Highly contagious airborne viral disease evolved from rinderpest
Smallpox: a serious infectious disease caused by the variola virus
Choiela: A acute diarrheal illness caused by infection of the intestine with vibro with cholerae
Pertussis: known as whooping cough; respiratory illness caused by infectious disease
Malaria: A life threatening disease caused by parasites that are transmitted by bites
Tuberculosis: A potentially serious infectious bacterial disease that mainly affects lungs
Varicella (chicken pox): highly contagious disease caused by varicella-zoster virus
Rubella: Contagious disease cause by virus