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Immune System
Period 5 - Coggle Diagram
Immune System
Period 5
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Antigens and antibodies
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antigen presenting cells: engulf antigens and present fragments of antigen to t cells for recognition
anitbodies: immunogoblins are proteins secreted by plasma cells, inactivate and tag antigens complexes, t or y shaped; 2 identical heavy (H) charms; 2 identical L chains
antibody classes: IgM, IgA, IGd, IgG,IGE
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neutralization:defensive mechanism, prevent antigens from binding to receptors from binding to receptors on tissue cells
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complement fixation: antibody defense against cellular antigens, several antibodies are bound close together on same antigen, complement binding sites on their stem regions are aligned
antigen binding: t cell antigen receptors bind to antigen, TCR triggers multiple intracellular signaling pathways that start t cell activation
Purpose and examples of First, Second and Third line of defense
2nd defense: antimicrobial protein, phagocytes and other cells that inhibit spread of invaders
neutrophils: most abundant phagocytes but die fighting become phagocytic on exposure to infectious material
pattern recognition: recognize and bind tightly to structures on microbes, disarm
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natural killer cells: non phagocytic, large granular lymphocytes that police blood and lymph
kill by inducing apoptosis in cancer cells and virus infected cells
3rd defense: attacks particular foreign substances, takes longer, relies on antigens, which are specific substances found in foreign microbe
1st defense: external membrane (skin and mucosa)
uses defense to stop pathogen from attacking (disease)
enzymes: iyosozyme of saliva, respiratory mucus, and lacrimal fluid kills many microorganisms, in stomach
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