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DOMESTIC DIVISION OF LABOUR - Coggle Diagram
DOMESTIC DIVISION OF LABOUR
Domestic division of labour
This means that the chores that are completed around the house such as cleaning, laundry, cooking, DIY + gardening
Decision making within the family
This means the ways in which families determine how decisions are made in the family
This can include financial decisions as well as day to day decisions and life changing ones
Instrumental role
The rational male role that is the breadwinner of the family + the disciplination of the family
Expressive role
The emotional + caring role that is usually carried out by the female in the family + it includes child care and most of the domestic labour
Wilmott + Young - March of progress view
Families = becoming more equal + democratic
There is a move away from separate conjugal roles of Parsons + move towards more joint conjugal roles
With women going out to work, men need to take more of an active role in the family + couples are more likely to spend their leisure time together
Decision making in the family: Money
Mcintosh + Barrett
- Men gain more from women's unpaid domestic labour + in allowance situations men do not give adequate financial recompense + it often comes with strings attached
Men often make the majority of the big decisions
Kempson
- Women in low income families will often go without in favour of making sure ends meet as they see money as family money
Men do not think this way
Pahl + Volger
- Allowance system - Men give wives a certain amount of money each week/month for family expenses, all excess belongs to them
Pooling - all money goes into a central pot + take joint responsibility for expenditure however, men tend to earn more than women
Decision making within the family
Edgell (1980)
- very important decisions are taken by men, important decisions taken jointly, day to day decisions taken by women
Backed up by
Hardill (1997)
Laurie + Gurshunny (2000) -
70% of couples said that they had equal say in family decisions by 1995 but women who had high earning positions were more likely to say they have equal say
Feminists
- Decision making isn't linked to money but cultural expectations of a patriarchal society + gender role socialisation
Why are roles changing ?
Economically active women/mothers
- women go out to work, men need to help out around the house more in order for chores to get done
Decline in the extended family
- fewer family/members around to help with things like child care, the couple needs to be more equal
Weakening gender identities
- rise of gender neutrality in terms of roles + jobs there is less pressure to conform to traditional roles
Technology + living standards
- new technology e.g. dishwashers + smart phones means that some of the jobs that used to be done no longer need to be
Commercialisation of domestic labour
- as the family has become duel earning, there has been a growth in the domestic labour industry as more families pay for certain tasks to be completed to hire in Au pairs + nannies
To what extent has the level of change in domestic division of labour been exaggerated?
NO - Wilmott+ Young - Rise of the symmetrical family
Acceptance of their interchangeability of roles
7/10 women of working age now have jobs
Half of mothers with children aged under 5 are in work
36% of couples say that the man is the main carer
NO - Duel Burden + Triple Shift
Braysfield (1992), Ferri + Smith(1996), Man-yee Kan (2001), Hochschild (1990)
= All found even in dual career families women had major responsibility for domestic tasks
McKee + Bell (1986)
- Unemployed men resist pleas from partners to do more housework
British Social Attitudes Survey (1992)
- Certain household tasks have become more equal than others
YES - Views on housework
Rapoport + Rapoport (1970)
- career women were still viewed as 'wives and mothers'
Ann Oakley -
Jointly, 'this does not mean equally' Men participating in domestic tasks are doing so to 'help their wives'
David Morley (1992)
- 'women see the home as a place of work, men a place of leisure'
Craig (2007)
- Women doe 1/3 more housework than men due to the partnership penalty + marriage penalty
YES - Same sex couples
Dune (1999)
- Gay + Lesbian couples are more equal + symmetrical than heterosexual ones. But if unequal earning, then there was unequal division of domestic labour