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Reconstructive Memory
Bartlett, 1932 - Coggle Diagram
Reconstructive Memory
Bartlett, 1932
schemas
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schemas alter the content of our memories in order to make it consistent with our beliefs/previous experiences
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memory
imaginative reconstruction of past events, influenced by how we encode, store and retrieve information
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Bransford & Johnson
findings
1/3 read it and were told afterwards it was about laundry, then they could make sense of it
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procedure
showed ppts a passage about doing laundry, but it did not explicitly show it was about laundry
weaknesses:
- not scientific
- no standardised procedures
- no scoring system for measuring the change in recall other than no words recalled, so it is subjective
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Loftus & Palmer (1974)
procedure
- students were shown film clips of real car crashes
- given a questionnaire, some were exposed to the word "smashed" others to "hit"
- a week later they were retested on whether or not they saw broken glass (there was no broken glass)
findings
- 12% of the control not asked the speed recalled glass
- 32% of the smashed group recalled broken glass
other AO3
Steyvers and Hemmer (2012)
overemphasis on how memory is flawed, in a real context without manipulated material, schematic recall may be accurate
application to dementia
when memory is lost, the world may be scary and confusing, schemas can help make sense. by using old music, activities and reminiscing, people can be made to feel comfortable
Allport and Postman
schemas distort memory, especially prejudice as we remember how things should be