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interactionism and crime + deviance - Coggle Diagram
interactionism and crime + deviance
general summary
argue that crime is a result of a series of assumptions and judgements made by agencies of social control
reject the idea that crime stats are a realistic reflection of criminal activity
how and why are groups defined as criminal in the first place?
Becker
people who have been labelled as deviant cannot be studied due to some being wrongly labelled and others who are deviant may not be labelled at all
behaviour only becomes deviant when it has been defined and labelled as such
less concerned with personal and social characteristics and more the process to which they come to be thought as outsiders and reactions to that judgement
self fulfilling prophecy
they begin to live up to the label, making decisions based on self concept to fulfil the assumption
they internalise the label and it will affect their self concept
they may be isolated from others and judged differently
find it difficult to conform to societies rules
master status
others will respond to the individual in terms of that label, interpret behaviours with that label, deviant identity is the controlling one
colours all other statuses ad roles possessed by the individual
deviant career
Plummer explained this deviant career in relation to homosexuality, 'homosexual career'
group may: rationalise, justify and support deviant identities
when an individual joins a deviant group/ subculture
circouel p2
one city employed more probation officers and kept more detailed records on offenders, high rates of juvenile delinquency.
whereas, the other city fluctuated depending on media publicity and public concern
found substantial differences between 2 studies
concludes that agencies of control and their policies operate to construct the official picture of juvenile justice in USA
Matza
they use 'techniques of neutralisation' to justify deviant behaviour
condemnation of the condemners- arguing that those labelling the behaviour are in the wrong or being hypocritical
denial of the victim- arguing victim deserved what happened
denial of injury- arguing that deviant behaviour did no harm
denial of responsibility- arguing that the behaviour was not the individuals fault
appeal to the higher loyalties- arguing that values such as friendship were behind the behaviour
while they do feel a moral obligation to obey the law the pressure of 'subterranean values' which challenge morally acceptable views
many youths will drift in and out of deviance
Lemert
primary- acts that are not labelled as deviant, have not been caught. little effect on self concept. rationalised and dealt with and classed as an acceptable part of an individual's lifestyle
secondary- acts that have been caught and labelled a deviant, have gathered a social reaction. begins to affect individual's self concept. consciously engaged in as an expression of deviant self
circouel p1
process of dealing with potential deviants involves police and probation officers making judgements based on pre conceived ideas as what counts as suspicious/ unusual
the decision about whether to arrest and charge a suspect is partially based on appearance, manner and replies of suspect
recorded crime stats are a result of interactions and negotiations between youths and CJS