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The (Non-) Effect of Violence on Education: Evidence from the “War on…
The (Non-) Effect of Violence on Education:
Evidence from the “War on Drugs” in Mexico
Introduction
Social scientists have suggested that hostile environments may have a detrimental effect on education by reducing enrollment.
Though concentrated in some municipalities, the municipalities affected in this period are spread across the country.
Evidences for the introduction
They find evidence that changes in the level of violence, in either levels of violence, economic growth, or othervariables, which gives credence to our empirical strategy.
The analysis combines homicides data from official statistics reported by SNSP
That increases in violence. An increase of 8 murders per 100,000 individuals
They hypothesize that the small effect on the number of enrolled students but null impact on the rate of enrollment is explained by an impact on migration
Several studies have found significant effects of violence on economic outcomes in Mexico in the same period.
Evidence on the Effects of Violence on Human Capital and Labor Market Outcomes
The literature identifies two main potential channels on how violence can affect educational outcomes.
First, some theories predict that crime and violence can negatively affect enrollment rates
Second, some theories focus on the negative effect of violence on learning given enrollment
Looking at the relationship between organized crime-related homicides and labor market indicators
They find that drug-related violence increases unemployment, and that the impact is disproportionally larger for women than for men
Evidence that violence increases the probability that self-employed women leave the labor market and reduce their hours worked
That violence and diversion of drug traffic has had negative impacts on informal sector earnings and female labor force participation
Finally, combine municipality-level data on incomes and crime data for Mexico, and study the effects of the spike in violent crime on incomeconvergence.
Recent Spike in Violent Crime in Mexico
After 2007, there has been a dramatic increase in the level of violence in Mexico.
The number of homicides per 100,000 inhabitants almost tripled between 2005 and 2011
Many municipalities or counties experienced sharp increases in crime, some of which started
out as relatively peaceful locations to displaying very high homicide rates
Her analysis suggests that the violence reflects rival
traffickers’ attempts to wrest control of territories after policies have weakened incumbent criminals.
In fact, there seems to exist some evidence suggesting that the increase of violence has not been a response to the government's aggressive policy