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Topic 1: Investigating Ancient History – The Nature of Ancient History:…
Topic 1: Investigating Ancient History – The Nature of Ancient History: The Treatment and Display of Human Remains
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Ethical Issues: Preservation, Display and Ownership
Ownership
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Ownership of archaeological monuments, sites and artefacts collectively known as cultural property
In the past there have been laws preventing ancient artefacts being taken from their country of origin, however in more recent times archaeologists / treasure hunters have begun to claim these artefacts from themselves or their country.
Heritage
Community Heritage: Historic Buildings, Monuments, Documents and Artefacts
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Family Heritage: Stories, Sayings, Languages, Traditions, Photographs and Treasured Possessions
International Heritage: Monuments, Sites and Cultural Events
Ancient Famous Finds
Otzi the Iceman
Location:19 September 1991
Otztal Alps, Austrian-Italian border
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How: Hikers discovered the body by chance while hiking in the Alps between Austria and Italy. The body was protruding (sticking out) from the ice
Tollund Man
Location: 6 May 1950
Bjeldskovdal bog, Silkeborg, Denmark
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Lindow Man
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How: The workmen were cutting peat when they found a foot in a piece of machinery! The torso was in the remaining peat
Location: 1984
Lindow Moss, Cheshire, UK
Old Croghan Man
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Location: 2003
County Offaly, Ireland
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Otzi the Iceman
Reason for death
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An X-ray revealed a flint arrowhead in his left shoulder, after which a 2 cm entry wound was discovered in his back
The arrow severed the subclavian artery, indicating that Otzi bled to death within a matter of minutes
Otzi also suffered a severe head injury – probably at the same time as the arrow wound. This could have been caused by a fall or a blow to the head
Perhaps Otzi pulled out the arrow himself, or perhaps his murderer did
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Preservation
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The body was then sealed in a natural tomb and preserved at a constant temperature of -6 celsius for over 5000 years
After death, freezing winds completely dried the body
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Ethically removed?
Damage caused by small jack hammer to Otzi’s hip when authorities attempted to remove his body from the ice
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Tollund Man
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Artefacts
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Pointed cap made of sheepskin and wool, fastened under his chin with a leather strap
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Lindow Man
Reason for death
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His throat cut, strangled, and hit on the head ('triple death') was an offering to several different gods
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Preservation
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Dying moss forms layers of sediment and releases sugars and humic acids which consume oxygen. Since the surface of the water is covered by living moss, water becomes anaerobic. As a result, human tissues buried in the bog tend to tan rather than decay
Bog body
The preservation is dependent on a set of specific physical conditions, which can occur in peat bogs
