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Long Term Memory
(Tulving, 1972) - Coggle Diagram
Long Term Memory
(Tulving, 1972)
semantic memory
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retrieval: possible without learning, no cues
time referencing - no time referencing, input can be fragmented
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Dr S - when at a hospital he had a brain scan and diagnosed himself with transient global amnesia, which he would've learnt in the past 25 years. This showed an intact semantic memory
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episodic memory
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retrieval: using cues, encoded at the point of learning
time referencing: time and context references, input is continuous
Dr S - when people caught up with him he thought his wife looked extremely old and he did not recognise some of his younger colleagues. This meant a loss of episodic memory and the last 25 years were blank to him
forgetting: due to retrieval cue failure, memory trace can be transformed or changed
AO3
Butterworth (2002) Dr S case study
Dr S, a neurologist fell while skiing and damaged his brain
HM
hippocampus removed so episodic and semantic memory damaged, could not remember what he had for breakfast but could learn how to play tennis
application for brain damaged patients
people tend to retain episodic memory with personal history but had issues updating their episodic memory and creating semantic memory
application for dementia
distinction between semantic and episodic helps understand dementia. showing patients meaningful things and getting them to talk can help cognitive stimulation therapy
Godden and Baddeley (1974)
divers who learnt words underwater recalled them better than words learnt on land
flashbulb memory
detailed vivid memory of an event which is stored after one occasion and lasts a lifetime