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Chap 2: What are the function and roles of Government in working for the…

- - - - Essential that votes are free and fair, where all citizens are allowed to vote for candidates of their own choice
      - All votes must have equal power and are counted accurately
    - - 1) issuance of the Writ of elections (document specifying date where mnomination of candidates are to be taken place)
      - 3) Campaigning
      - 5)Polling day
      - 4) Cooling off day (where voters reflect)
      - 2) Nomination day
      - 6)Counting of votes
- - - - Safety and security
        
        ensuring citizens'lives and properties are protected from harmful acts, for example Singapore Police Force(SPF) aims t prevent,deter and detect crime, with its wide-ranging work
      - Ensure justicees
        
        In SG, the courts and law enforcement agencies investigate crimes to ensure justice is served in every case, meaning people are government by clear and fair rules
        
        When there is justice in Society, people can expect equal treatment and fair outcomes, all persons will be treated fairly by govenment instead of being subjected to decisions of certain individualsor offficials
        
        government can deter unlawful behaviour and ensure order within society with the help of resources
  - - - Housing
      - social relationships
      - Income
      - Occupation
      - safety
      - health
      - skills
    - - Central provident fund(CPF), a saving plan that provides a foundation for retirement of Singaporeans, used to buy homes, healthcare expenses and take care of loved ones
      - Polytechnics located throughout Singapore are one-stop healthcare centres that provide subsidised primary case, including outpatient medical treatment and diagnostic test
      - HDB home to 80 percent of country's population
    - - Opening SkillsFuture Credit for Singaporeans in the year they turn 25 year old to encourage learning
      - Work- Study programmes for students to get a head start in workforce
      - Skill focused courses revelant to industry needs, for career development
      - Subsidy of at least 90 percent for eligible courses,including MOE funded courses for Singaporeans aged 40 and above
  - - - Country trade with economic growth
      - Country has sufficient food and water for survival
      - Country safe from attacks
      - Deterrence
        
        Measures taken a country to discourage potential aggressors and making it costly for aggressors to attack
        
        Practise deterrence to protect security and ensure safety from attacks by other countries
        
        Deter potential aggressors, countries like Singapore build their air, land and sea capabilities and defences
      - Diplomacy
        
        Practice of obtaining agreement between countries to co-operate to produce results aligned with interest
        
        Conduct diplomacy to promote common interests and resolve conflicting interest peacefully
        
        Strong and friendly bilateral and multilateral relationships with other countries, small country like SG can safeguard interest
- - - - FUNCTION
        
        1)Administers justice by interpretation and applying law made by legislature
        
        2)Make formal judgement on disputes between individuals and those between individual and government
      - Individuals who defy the law often resolved with individuals paying the fine meted out by enforcement officers
      - Individuals who ignore enforcement actions or commit more serious crimes are summoned to state court for sentencing
        
        FOR EXAMPLE: In 2020,a woman refused to wear a mask,and was caught on camera. On 7 May 2021, she was then sentenced to 2 weeks of jail and also fined $2000 for failing to wear a mask
  - - - FUNCTION: to make and pass laws
      - REAL LIFE EXAMPLES
        
        During the growing threat of covid, the COVID-19 ACT made the wearing of masks compulsory by law ,preventing, protecting against and control transmission of virus
      - HOW A BILL BECOMES LAW
        
        1) First reading
        
        3)Committee stage
        
        5) Scrutiny by the presidential council for minority rights
        
        Members debate general principals and merits of bill, then vote if bill should proceed to nex stage
        
        Details of proposed law are examined, changes can be proposed
        
        Principle behind bill cannot be questioned, bill is voted upon
        
        Ensure bill does not discriminate against religious/racial community
        
        6) President assets
        
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        4) Third reading
        
        Bill formally ntroduced in parliament, no debate
        
        2) Second reading
  - - - FUNCTION
        
        1) Enforce and implement laws passed by legislature
        
        : 2)Formulate and implement government policies in areas such as education, healthcare, housing and transport
        
        3)Responsible for day-to-day administration of the affairs of the state
      - REAL LIFE EXAMPLES
        
        Several government agencies were issued a letter of appointment by the ministry of Health and involvd in enforcing the COVID-19 ACT, including:
        
        Land Transport Authority(LTA)
        
        National Environment Agency(NEA)
        
        National Parks Board(NParks)
        
        The Singapore Police Force(SPF)
        
        Officers from such agencies were allowed to issue offenders with a notice of Offence
  - - - 1) The legislature checks the Executive by asking Cabinet Ministers on government policies for discussion or debate n parliament
        
        The executive checks the judiciary by the removal of judges under limited circumstances (Misbehaviour, In ability to perform duties)
        
        EXECUTIVE
        
        Both ways
        
        LEGISLATURE