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B1- You and your genes. - Coggle Diagram

- - - - some characteristics are controlled by a single gene for example blood group. This is called single gene inheritance. Genetic diagrams help to predict the phenotype of the offspring when you know the phenotype of the parents.
        
        Genetic diagrams show how characteristics are inherited. Alleles can be recessive, dominant or co-dominant genes. Biology (Single Science)
        
        In genetic diagrams,
      - If the alleles are different, then the organism has instructions for two different versions of a characteristic for example freckles but it only shows one version of the two. The version of the characteristic that appears is caused by the dominant allele.
- - - - They have a nucleus. The different parts of the cell are called sub cellular structure. An animal cell, like most eukaryotic cells contain the following.
        
        A partially permeable cell membrane- holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out.
        
        Mitochondria- contain the enzymes needed to control most of the reactions in aerobic respiration
        
        Cytoplasm- gel like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen. It contains enzymes that control their chemical reactions
        
        Ribosomes- these are involved in synthesis of protiens
        
        Nucleus- contains genetic material, which is arranged into chromosomes
    - - Don't have a nucleus. Instead genetic material is stored as one long circular chromosome, which floats free in the cytoplasm. It is also stored as plasmids- small hoops of extra DNA. They contain genes for things like drug resistance, and can be passed between prokaryotic cells. Not all prokaryotic cells contain plasmids.
        
        They also have other sub-cellular structures such as the cell membrane, cell wall however they don't have mitochondria or chloroplasts.
    - - Large vacuole- contains the cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salts.
      - Chloroplasts- these are where photosynthesis occurs, which makes food for the plant. They contain a green substance called chlorophyll.
      - Rigid cell wall- made of cellulose. It supports the cell and strengthens it.