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01 WORLD WAR I: CAUSES AND ALLIANCES, image, image, image, image, image -…
01 WORLD WAR I: CAUSES AND ALLIANCES
1 CAUSES OF THE CONFLICT
Imperialist ambitions
partition of colonies
Germany had been left at a disadvantage relative to France and Great Britain
Second German Empire
was Europe’s main industrial and economic power
it claimed its own colonial territories
An aggressive diplomacy
power tried to protect its interests by seeking alliances with other nations
Armed Peace
No forum for debate or international organisation was created to discuss conflicts between states
Nationalist rivalries
Two of the biggest industrial powers, France and Germany
remained hostile because, during the process of German unification
Prussians had defeated France in the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871)
seized the territories of Alsace-Lorraine
great nationalist tensions in the Balkans
fought to gain independence or expand their states
Kingdom of Serbia, which was supported by Russia
The arms race
atmosphere of rivalry and imperialist
ambitions, and diplomatic initiatives designed to prepare for war rather than to avoid it
due to technological and industrial progress
countries started the industrial manufacturing of new,
more deadly weapons, launching an aggressive arms race.
WEAPONRY
Great War
the most devastating military conflict that history had ever seen
Technological advances in the weapons industry largely contributed
first metal aeroplane by the German company Junkers in 1915
machine guns, tanks and armoured vehicles, German Zeppelins and airships
mustard gas
which killed people and left the environment polluted and barren.
2 THE ALLIANCES
The Triple Alliance (1882)
Germany, Italy and Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Empire (1914) and Bulgaria (1915) joined once the war started.
The Triple Entente (1907)
formed by Russia, France and Great Britain
Belgium, Serbia and Montenegro were invaded
Romania (1916) and Greece (1917) joined
Japan declared war on Germany (1914) due to its imperialist ambitions in Asia
The United States entered the war in 1917
