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Topic 1 - Anatomy - Coggle Diagram
Topic 1 - Anatomy
1.1 The Skeletal System
Axial vs Appendicular
Axial - fixed, little movement occurs
- Skull
- Ribs
- Sternum
- Vertebral column
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4 types of bone
Long bone:
- Longer than they are wide
- Works as levers
- Long cylindrical shaft
- Essential for movement
Short bone:
- Cube shaped
- Small and compact
- Provide strength for intricate movement
- Carpals and Tarsals
Flat bone:
- Curved surfaces
- Vary from hick to thin
- Protects organs
- Muscle attachment
- Skull, ribs, sternum, scapula
Irregular bone:
- All other bones
- Varied shape, size and surface
- Includes vertebral bones
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Types of joints
Fixed joints:
- Very stable
- No observable movement
- Bones often joined by sutures
Cartilaginous joints:
- Allows slight movement
- Ends of bones covered with white pads of fibrocartilage
- Shock absorbers
Synovial joints:
- Most common
- Wide range of movement
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Types of synovial joint
- Gliding joint (between tarsals and carpals)
- Hinge joint (elbow or knee)
- Pivot joint (neck)
- Condyloid (wrist)
- Saddle (thumb)
- Ball and socket (shoulder or hip)
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