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Reproductive Anatomy II, Inferior - Coggle Diagram
Reproductive Anatomy II
Pelvic Diaphragm
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Levator Ani
Innervated by branches direct from the ventral ramus of S4, and by branch of the pudendal nerve (S2 to S4)
Pubo-coccygeus
Anterior: Body of pubis
Posterior: Coccyx, Ano coccygeal
body (Ano-coccygeal raphe)
Puborectalis
- Muscle fibers wind posterior aspect of anorectal junction, continuous with opposite muscle
- Forms U shaped loop: pubo-rectal sling
- Blends with deep part of external anal sphincter
- Maintain continence of feces.
- Responsible to maintain anorectal angle
Ilio coccygeus
- Origin
- Obturator fascia
- Ischial spine
- Insertion
- Sides of lower 2 pieces of coccyx, ano coccygeal raphe
Obturator fascia, thickened to provide the attachment for ilio-coccygeus
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Coccygeus
- Triangular in shape
- Lies behind levator ani
- Attachments:
- Ischial spine, sacro spinous ligament
- Sides of upper 2 pieces of coccyx, last piece of sacrum
- Innervated by 4th and 5th sacral nerve
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Functions
- Supports pelvic viscera
- Male: anterior fibres of levator ani elevate prostate
- Female: anterior fibers of levator ani constrict vagina, specifically the sphincter vaginae
- Coccygeus pulls the coccyx forwards after it is displaced backwards during defecation or childbirth (parturition)
- During defecation, puborectalis sling relaxes, and rectum & anal canal form straight tube
Perineum
- Region at lower end of trunk
- Interval between two thighs
- Where the external genitalia are
- Forms lower division of pelvis
- Lies below the pelvic diaphragm
- Fills in the pelvic outlet
Superficial Boundaries
- Anterior: scrotum in males, mons pubis in females,
- Posterior: the buttocks
- On each side : Upper part of the medial side of the thighs.
Deep Boundaries
- Pelvic outlet is diamond shaped space
- In front: lower border of symphysis pubis
- Behind: Tip of coccyx
- Antero lateral: ischio pubic rami & ischial tuberosities
- Postero lateral: sacrotuberous ligaments covered by the gluteus maximus.
Divisions
- Pelvic outlet subdivided by an imaginary horizontal line joining the anterior ends of both ischial tuberosities into 2 triangles
- Anal triangle behind
- Urogenital triangle in front.
- Perineal Body divides the two
Anal Triangle
- Terminal part of anal canal
- Ischioanal fossa on each side
Ischioanal fossa
- Pudental, or Alcock's Canal
- Internal pudental artery
- Internal pudental vein
- Pudental nerve
- Abscess easily formed here
Pudental Nerve Block
- To relieve perineal pain during childbirth and perineal surgeries
- The injection lateral aspect of the sacrospinous ligament, near its attachment to the ischial spine.
- The needle through skin or vagina parallel to the palpating finger.
Urogenital Triangle
- External urogenital organs
- Superficial perineal
- Deep perineal space
Features of the reproductive system
- Gonads produce gametes and Hormones (ovaries and testes)
- Ducts to transport the gametes (ovum and sperm)
- Accessory glands and organs (secrete fluids)
- External genitalia
Female
- Mons pubis
- Labia majora (enclosing the pudendal cleft),
- Labia minora (enclosing the vestibule of vagina),
- Clitoris
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Males
- Testis Gonad
- Epididymis Duct
- Vas deferens Duct
- Ejaculatory duct Duct
- Urethra Duct
- Seminal vesicles Acc. gland
- Prostate Acc. Gland
- Bulbourethral gland Acc. gland
- Scrotum Ext. genitalia
- Penis Ext. genitalia
Sperm pathway
Testes > Epididymes > vas deferens > joins seminal vesicles to form ejaculatory duct > opens into prostatic urethra > Membranous urethra > spongy urethra
Scrotum
- Cutaneous bag
- Contains:
- Testes
- Epididymes
- Spermatic cord
- Divided into two Raphe externally
Penis
- Composed of erectile tissues: two corpus cavernosa, single corpus spongiosum
- Spongy urethra
- Root of Penis
- Crura: proximal parts of the corpus cavernosa attached to the pubic arch
- Bulb of penis: proximal part of the corpus spongiosum
- Body
- Covered entirely by skin formed formed by free parts of the corpus cavernosa & free
part of the corpus spongiosum.
- Glans penis
- The corpus spongiosum expands to form the head of penis
Muscles
- Ischiocavernous muscle
- Bulbospongiosus muscle
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