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ANTIMICROBIAL STEWARDSHIP MODULES : MODULE 2, COMMON MULTI-DRUG RESISTANT…
ANTIMICROBIAL STEWARDSHIP MODULES : MODULE 2
LESSON 1 : INTRO ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE
meaning : ability of bacteria to resist the effet of an
antibiotic
MULTIDRUG RESISTANT ORGANISMS
MULRIDRUG RESISTANT (MDR)
RESISTANT TO >/ 1 AGENT IN >/ 3 ANTIBIOTICS CLASSES
example
EXENDED SPECTRUM BETA LACTAMASE (ESBL) ORGANISMS
ESCHERICHIA COLI (E.COLI)
RESISTANT TO 3RD GENERATION CEPHALOSPORINS
KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE
RESISTANT TO 3RD GENERATION CEPHALOSPORINS
STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (MRSA)
RESISTANT TO METHICILLIN
EXTENSIVELY DRUG RESISTANT (XDR)
RESISTANT TO >= AGENTS IN ALL EXCEPT <= 2 ANTIBIOTIC CLASSES
EXAMPLE
GRAM -VE BAC ONLY SENSITIVE TO POLYMYXINE
Eg: CARBAPENEM RESISTANCE ENTEROBACTERICIE (CRE)
PAN DRUG RESISTANT (PDR)
RESISTANT TO ALL CLASSES OF KNOWN ANTIBIOTICS
LESSON 2 : DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE
SELECTION PRESSURE
1.LOTS OF GERMS A FEW ARE DRUG RESISTANT
ANTIBIOTIC KILL BACTERIA CAUSING THE ILLNESS AS WELL AS GOOD BACTERIA PROTECTING THE BODY FROM INFECTION
THE DRUG RESISTANT BACTERIA ARE NOW ALLOWED TO GROW AND TAKE OVER
SOME BACTERIA GIVE THEIR DRUG RESISTANCE TO OTHER BACERIA, CAUSING MORE PROBLEMS
LESSON 3 : DETERMINATION OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE
DRUG
OVER THE COUNTER ANTIBIOTICS
FAKE ANTIBIOTICS
ENVIRONMENTAL RELATED FACTORS
INEFECTIVE INFECTION CONTROL PROGRAMMES
CONTAMINATED HANDS OF HEALTH CARE WORKERS
CONTAMINATED ENVIRONMENTAL SURFACE
UNREGULATED USE OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND AGRICULTURE
PATIENT RELATED FACTORS
MISCONSEPTION
MOM ADHERENCE TO THE CORRECT DOSE ND DURATION
PRESCRIBER: INAPPROPRIATE ANTIBIOTIC PRESCRIBING
PRESCRIBING WHEN IT IS NOT NEEDED: VIRAL INFECTION
WRONG ANTIBIOTIC, DOSE / FREQUENCY
PRESCRIBING HIGH RISK ANTIBIOTIC
3RD GEN CEPHALOSPORINS
FLUOROQUINOLONES
CARBAPENEMS
BETA-LACTAM/BETA-ACTAMASE INHIBITOR
GLYCOPEPTIDES
INCORRECT DURATION: LONGER THE DURATION, HIGHER CHANCES FRO SELECTION PRESSURE
COMMON MULTI-DRUG RESISTANT BACTERIA
STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (MRSA)
KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE (ESBL/CRE/PDR)
ACINETOBACTER BAUMANI (MDR/XDR/PDR)
PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA (MDR/XDR/PDR)
ENTEROBACTERIACEAE AND GRAM -VE BAC (ESBL/CRE/PDR)
ENTEROCOCCUS FAECIUM (VRE)