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c5 (titrations, concentration, calculations with gases, molar volume = gas…
c5
titrations
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1) using a pipette, meausre out set vol of alkali into flask. add a few drops of indicator( usually phenophtlaien or methyl orange) CANT USE UNIVER INDICATOR AS CHANGE COLOUR GRADUALLY AND YOU WANT A SINGLE COLOUR CHANGE
2) fill a burette with a standard solution of acid - KEEP BURETTE BELOW EYE LEVEL WHILE YOU FILL IT INCASE ACID SPILLS
3) use the burette to add the acid to the alkali a bit at a time, swirl flask regularly, drop at a time when alkalis almost neutralised TO WORK OUT WHEN THIS IS DO A ROUGH TIRTRATION FIRST
4) the indicator changes colour when all the alklai has been neutralised (end point) phenophalein- pink in alkalis but colourless in acids. methyl orange- yellow in alklais but red in acids
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6) repeat this process a few times making sure you get similar results, then take the mean of the results
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concentration
more solute ( the solid you are dissolving) you dissolve in a given volume, the more crowded the molecules are and the more concentrated the solution
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often given in moles to convert from g/dm 3 to mol/dm3 you divide the concentration by relative formula mass
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