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Eric R. Kandel 1955 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - free wil really exists?
- - - - Conscious component recieves the sensory information and interacts with the outside world, whereas the unconscious components act through repression and other defenses to inhibit the instinctual urges of the id
        
        Basically, the preconscious interacts with the real world while the unconscious manages the instictive urges of our id.
        
        The superego is the carrier of our moral values
    - - Conscious
        
        Operates logically and guides its actions by the reality principle.
      - Unconscious
        
        id is the unconcscious component of the ego which is driven by hedonistic principles. It is also the only mental structure present at birth.
        
        The super ego also operates unconsciously, specifically it embodies our morals and aspirations
      - It is unknown where the ego, id and the superego reside.
- - - - Consciousnes is selection writ large. It is the awareness of the self. It is our ability to experience pleasure and pain and attend to and reflect upon those experiences. Conscious attention allows us to shut our extraneious experiences and focus on the critical events that confront us.
      - Francis Crick, a creative and influential biologists of the latter half of the 1900s wanted to study the nature of consciousness
      - Evolution of perspective on Consciousness
        Consciousness was first mentioned in the 5th century by Plato and Hippocrates. Plato thought the sould is immaterial, while Hippo thought the soul is formed by biological processes and thus tangible.
        Rene descartes , one of the 17th centuries, viivid minds described the soul and body as the two components of human nature.The soul was thought of as the intangible, indepdent, immortal component that rests within the tangible, material, perishable body. This school of thought of dualism thrived in the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries and garnered attention from scientists like Franics Crick.
        Crick said its inaccessible thereby it cannot be studied scientifically.
        Karl Popper, the Vienna-born philosopher of science, and John Eccles agreed the soul is immortal and independent of the brain.
        Some philosophers like Dnaiel Dennet suggested that consciousness is not a distinct, higher-order operation ofthe brain; rahter it is hte combined result of the computationals workings of the higher-order areas of the brain that is concerned with the later stages of information processing. :star:
      - Searle and Nagel suggested conscious was both unified and subjectified.
        
        Experiences come to us as a unified whole, which means that all of the sensory data we absord is melded into and single, coherent, conscious experience.
        In a surgical patient whose brain is severed between the two hemispheres, there are two conscious minds, each with its own unified precept.
        
        Subjectivity means that each of us experiences private andunique sesations that much more real to US than the experiences of others.
        We can only know and appreciate their experiences if its is shared with us.
        Experiences and the significance they hold for an individual are subjective. For example, musical notes are just physical sounds that emit from an instrument, but the our brain reconstructs our perception of the object. Till now we do not know who the electrical activity in ourneurons give rise to the meaning we ascibe to object we percieve.
        
        The fact that conscious experience is unique to each person raises hte question of whether it is possible to determine objectivley any characterising
        As yet, we do not know how the firing of specific neurons leads the subjective component of conscious perception. We lack adequate theory of how an obejctive phenomemon, like musical notes, cause electrical signals in the brain, can cause subjective experiences, such as joy.
        To uncover the explanation behind subjective experiences science has to significantly change its methodology
        
        Subjective properties arise from the properties of ibjects (interconnected nerve cells). Science cannot tell us yet WWWH of these subjective proerties
        
        Step 1: Reduce something subjective to something physical and objectivve.