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CARBON, Talking about Greek philosophy, both Plato and Aristotle took for…

- - - - In 1648, the flemish physician and botanist jan baptista van helmont conducted a famous experiment in which he measured the weight of a plant before and after it had been grown in a pot of soil. He found that the weight of the plant had increased significantly, even though the soil had not changed in weight. Van Helmont concluded that the plant must be getting its mass from somewhere else, and speculated that it was from water. In the following centuries, many other scientists continued to investigate the process that nowadays is known as photosynthesis of chlorophyll.
        
        In 1727, Stephen Hales discovered that green plants absorb air from the atmosphere and make their food with the help of light. During the same period (18th century), Joseph Priestley and Jan Ingenhousz discovered that plants release oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis. Throughout the 19th century, Julius von Sachs and Theodor Engelmann conducted experiments to better understand the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis.
        
        The modern understanding of photosynthesis really began to take shape in the early 20th century, with the work of Melvin Calvin and Andrew Benson, who used radioactive carbon to trace the pathway of carbon in photosynthesis. This led to the discovery of the Calvin cycle, which is the series of chemical reactions that plants use to convert carbon dioxide into glucose.
        
        Today, photosynthesis is understood as a complex process that involves the absorption of light by pigments such as chlorophyll, the conversion of light energy into chemical energy, and the synthesis of glucose from carbon dioxide and water. It is one of the most important biological processes on Earth, providing the basis for nearly all life on the planet
        
        Melvin Calvin and Andrew Benson
        
        THE WILLOW EXPERIMENT
      - ARISTOTLE
- - - - Before the industrial age, the ocean vented carbon dioxide to the atmosphere in balance with the carbon the ocean received during rock weathering. However, since carbon concentrations in the atmosphere have increased, the ocean now takes more carbon from the atmosphere than it releases. Over millennia, the ocean will absorb up to 85 percent of the extra carbon people have put into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels, but the process is slow because it is tied to the movement of water from the ocean’s surface to its depths.
- - - - The specific study that has been done about this topic has been named mereology (from Greek μέρος 'part' (root: μερε-, mere-, 'part') and the suffix -logy, 'study, discussion, science'). It consists of the analysis of the concept that concerns parts and the wholes they form. Whereas set theory is founded on the membership relation between a set and its elements, mereology emphasizes the meronomic relation between entities, which—from a set-theoretic perspective—is closer to the concept of inclusion between sets.
        
        Informal part-whole reasoning was consciously invoked in metaphysics and ontology from Plato (in particular, in the second half of the Parmenides) and more or less unwittingly in 19th-century mathematics until the triumph of set theory around 1910. Metaphysical ideas of this era that discuss the concepts of parts and wholes include divine simplicity and the classical conception of beauty.
        
        One of the earliest philosophers to discuss the relationship between the whole and its parts was Aristotle, who believed that the whole was more than just the sum of its components. He argued that the parts of a thing can only be understood in relation to the whole, and that the whole has properties that are not present in any of its individual parts. For example, he believed that the human soul was not just the sum of its individual parts, but that it was actually an emergent property that arises from the interaction of those parts.
        
        However, in the 18th and 19th centuries, philosophers such as Immanuel Kant and G.W.F. Hegel challenged the mechanistic view of the world and argued that the whole was more than just the sum of its parts. They suggested that the whole had emergent properties that could not be reduced to its individual parts, and that understanding the whole required a different kind of knowledge than understanding the parts.
        
        KANT
        
        HEGEL
        
        PLATO
        
        PARMENIDE
- - - - This means that, together with carbon, we've probably been dying and rebirthing for an endless amount of times, building our societies and watching them slowly collapse for various reasons, knowing that, as the gas trapped inside the stoned under the soil, us too would be able eventually to escape and start it all over again.