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Rivers, Processes of a River, The Journey of a River, The Stages of a…
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Processes of a River
- River Erosion: The river erodes the landscape using:
- Hydraulic Action: The motion of the water hitting against the surface
- Abrasion: Scraping or wearing away
- Attrition: The impact of rocks hitting off one another
- Solution: Minerals are dissolved in the water and carried along
- Traction: Large pebbles / stones are rolled and dragged along
- Saltation: small pebbles are bounced along
- Suspension: water is fast flowing so pebbles don't fall to river bed
- Solution: limestone is carried in soluble form - it cannot be seen
- Rivers deposit their load when they slow down - reach flat ground, enter lake or sea, at the inside end of a meander.
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The Stages of a River
Upper Course: Small river, youthful stage - on a slope (energy). Features include: v-shaped valley, interlocking spurs, waterfalls.
Middle Course: Large river, flows quickly, mature stage. Erodes river banks. Features include: Meanders, wide valleys
Lower Course: Very large river, flows on flat slopes, Old stage (Slows down), carries lots of deposits from further upstream. Features include: Ox-bow lakes, flood plains, deltas, levees
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