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Systems and respiration - Coggle Diagram
Systems and respiration
The Heart
The heart pumps blood around your body
Made of strong muscle
Parts of the heart: vena cava, pulmonary artery & vein, aorta, left & right ventricle and left & right atrium
Diseases of the heart
Smoking, drinking alcohol, genes/DNA and obesity can increase your chance of heart disease
Coronary heart disease is caused by fatty deposits building up in the walls of the coronary arteries. The diameter of the lumen decreases which restricts the flow of oxygenated blood to the heart muscle. This can result in a heart attack
Stroke is caused when blood flow to the brain is interrupted causing brain cells to damage or die & heart attack is caused when blood supply to heart is cut off due to blockage
The Respiratory system
Inhale = breathing in, exhale = breathing out
Parts of the respiratory system : nose, mouth, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, rib, diaphragm, lung, heart, intercostal muscles & ribcage
Gases enter and leave our lungs at the alveoli. These are at the end of the bronchioles. They have a very thin wall to allow the gases to move backwards and forwards from the network of blood vessels called capillaries. They have a large moist surface area.
Breathing
As you breathe in you should feel your chest tighten as muscles contract
You should see that your chest rises and falls as you breathe in and out, this movement is helped by your intercostal muscles moving your ribcage
During inhalation, the intercostal muscles contract, pulling the ribcage upwards and outwards. This diaphragm also contracts, which causes it to lie flat. Overall, the volume of the lungs increases and the pressure decreases, this draws air into the lungs
During exhalation, the intercostal muscles relax, pulling the ribcage inwards and downwards. The diaphragm relaxes, returning to a dome shape. Overall, the volume of the lungs decreases and the pressure increases, this forces air out of the lungs.
Volume
= the amount of space that a substance or object occupies
Effects of Exercise
These things happen when we exercise: increased heart rate, starts to sweat, breathe more, lactic acid builds up, oxygen gets around the body faster etc.
Independent variable : the variable you change to see what happens
Dependant variable : the variable that you measure
Control variable : the variable that stays the same in the experiment. - we have control variables to keep the test fair
When we exercise, our heart beats faster and we breathe more so our body can get more oxygen
Aerobic respiration
Aerobic respiration is an important chemical reaction in living organisms that releases energy and it happens in the mitochondria of cells
Glucose and oxygen is needed for aerobic respiration and carbon dioxide, water & energy is produced
Glucose + oxygen --> carbon dioxide + water + energy
Breathing
is the process of getting oxygen into the lungs and carbon dioxide out of the lungs
Respiration
is the release of energy from the breakdown of glucose in living cells. Respiration takes place in ever living cell and all cells need to respire
Anaerobic respiration
Anaerobic = without oxygen
If the body is not able to supply enough oxygen, aerobic respiration can not take place and energy is not released
If the body still has a supply of glucose, it can harness some energy from the glucose without oxygen but as a result of this, a by-product called lactic acid is produced
Glucose --> energy + lactic acid
Oxygen debt is 'paid off' when the oxygen breaks down lactic acid
Fermentation
Yeast is a type of fungus that can respire without oxygen
When yeast respires anaerobically we call this fermentation
Glucose --> carbon dioxide + ethanol + energy
Fermentation is used to produce different foods such as bread, cheese & yoghurt. For example, Yeast is needed to make bread, beer & wine
Dough is made with yeast, flour, sugar, salt and water. Carbon dioxide helps make bread by getting trapped in the bread & it then causes the bread to rise. Sugar is added to bread because it is the fuel for glucose