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History Y10 exam revision: Nazi Germany - Coggle Diagram
History Y10 exam revision: Nazi Germany
Stresemann
International policies
League of Nations in 1926
--> Became a big part of a national peace organisation.
Locarno Pact in 1925
--> Germany, Britain, France, Belgium and Italy signed a pact saying they would never invade each other. The Locarno pact allowed Germany to join the League of Nations.
Kellogg Briand Pact in 1928
--> Germany agrees it will not go to war unless it is to defend itself.
Economic policies
Young Plan in 1929
--> Reparations from £6.6 billion to £1.8 billion and had longer to pay them.
Dawes Plan in 1924
--> Loans with America, rebuild the industries and more jobs.
Rentanmark/Reichsmark in 1924
--> Temporary currency made to help with hyperinflation. Reichsmark was a stable currency for 25 years.
Nazi economic policies
Unemployment
RAD
--> Men aged 18 to 25 spent 6 months working for pocket money in the RAD scheme. They trimmed hedges, planted trees, etc. They had very strict conditions and had to wear uniforms and live in camps.
Public work schemes
--> 3800 kilometres of motorways were built to give over 100,000 people jobs. Also built places such as schools and hospitals.
Rearmament
--> The act of rebuilding the armed forces. Men aged between 18 and 25 were conscripted into the army for 2 years, this was introduced in 1935. Gave people jobs in the army as well as factories as people made equipment and clothes etc for the soldiers.
Invisible unemployment
--> Jews sacked and not counted in unemployment numbers. Part time workers were counted as full time. Women were not counted as they were encouraged to stay at home and were not expected to have a job.
WW2 impacts
Labour shortages
--> Struggled to find workers because men were drafted into the war. 7 million foreign workers from countries Germany had invaded as well as people from concentration camps were brought in to work. Factories were forced to stay open for much longer than usual.
Bombing
--> America and Britain started bombing Germany early in the war (from 1942). These bombings led to no water, electricity or transport. By 1943, allies were doing raids during the day and night, destroying 2 million homes. They killed 350,000 people and injured 780,000. Also destroyed factories, roads and canals.
Rationing
--> Originally introduced at the beginning of the war for rations of bread, vegetables and potatoes as farmers had gone to war. Severely cut in 1944. By 1945, Germany was clearly running out of food.
Morale
--> Before the war the people of Germany had high hopes and fully supported Hitler. By mid war, Goering's 4 year plan was not met but Germany had invaded almost all of Europe but there was a shortage of fuel, oil and steel. Germans were pushed back in the USSR and 80,000 were killed, with 90,000 surrendering, and in 1944, they were pushed back to West Europe.
Control in Nazi Germany
Propaganda
Radio
--> Hitler made frequent broadcasts on radios so he made sure hat everyone could hear, there were speakers in the street and radios in cafes, restaurants, etc. 70% of households had one by 1939. They were also cheap and short frequency meaning they couldn't pick up any foreign stations.
Cinema
--> There was a 45 minute video played at the beginning of each film, showing how Hitler was an impressive man set on making Germany great again.
Rallies
--> Continued on a huge scale. Were mainly to celebrate Germany but also Hitler, there were rallies for his Birthdays and for the anniversary of the Munich Putsch.
Police state
SS
--> Had the power to arrest anyone they needed to keep Hitler's aims running smoothly. Very feared organisation that was very loyal to Hitler.
Gestapo (Secret Police)
--> Spied on people they thought were a threat to Hitler. Listened in on telephone calls and read emails. Were free to torture and arrest anyone without a trial.
Concentration Camps
--> Aim was to "correct" people that didn't do what the Nazis wanted them to. People such as Jews, gypsies and the disabled were sent to concentration camps. They were also used to keep people who opposed Hitler out of the way.
Resistance
Swing Youth
--> Listened to jazz music and had Jewish friends. Had public parades and involved some wealthy people so they wee able to get resources. Their dances were broken up by the SS and they opposed the teachings of the Hitler Youth.
Edelweiss Pirates
--> Banned youth group that beat up Nazi officials and once killed a Gestapo officer. They were publicly executed by the Nazis (12 publicly hung).
White Rose group
--> Urged Germans to remove Hitler with poster, leaflets, etc. Leaders beheaded in 1943.
Church
Hitler and the Catholic church
--> Hitler promised to support the Catholic church and signed a concordat in 1933, promising each other that they don’t interfere with each other.
Pro Nazi Protestants
--> Ludwig Muller showed support for the Nazis by wearing a Nazi uniform and saying “The swastika on our chests and the cross in our hearts”.
Anti Nazi Protestants
--> Pastor Martin Niemoller formed a confessional church were people could come and openly criticise the Nazis.
The Rise of Hitler
How did the following reasons helped Hitler/NSDAP gain votes?
Personality
--> Gained people's trust and was a powerful speaker. Charismatic.
Propaganda
--> Rallies, posters, radio, cinema.
Great Depression
--> High unemployment rates (6.1 million in 1932). Hitler promised them "work and bread". People were vulnerable and looking for extremist options.
Why did the following groups vote for Hitler?
Young men
--> Scared of communism. Hitler promised to give them jobs. They wanted to be a soldier just like Hitler.
Businessmen
--> He promised the wealthy classes strong leadership and the ability to run their factories however they want to.
Farmers
--> There were communist threats but with Hitler in charge they would get higher profits from crop sales.
Workers
--> Wages cut by the Great Depression and Hitler promised jobs.