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Type of Indoor Air Pollution (2) - Coggle Diagram
Type of Indoor Air Pollution (2)
PM
Type of particulate
dust
dirt
powder
smoke
liquid droplets
Classification
Size
Coarse particle (10-2.5 um)
Fine particle (< 2.5 um)
Ultrafine particle (< 0.1 um)
Chemical composition
Effect
Based on classification of size and chemical composition (WHO)
Sources
Avoid sources
air leaks bring in dust, dust mites, and allergens
pets increase dust levels in homes
wall-to-wall carpeting is perfect environment for dust mites
Control sources
frequent vacuuming helps (central vacuums exhaust dust outside)
controlled entry or dust removal
zone at homes (take off shoes, put on slippers etc.)
HVAC filtration systems
ASBESTOS
A mineral fiber that occurs in rock and soil.
Function
Building construction materials for insulation and as a fire retardant (because of its fiber strength and heat resistance)
Sources
Deteriorating, damaged, or disturbed insulation
Fireproofing
Acoustical materials
Floor tiles
Health effects
No immediate symptoms
Long term risk of chest and abdominal cancers
Lung diseases
BIOLOGICAL AGENTS
Type of contaminants
Mold and Fungi
Dust mites
Allergens
the protein in urine from rats and mice, when it dries, it can become airbone
Bacteria
carried by people, animal, soil, and plant debris
Virus
transmitted by people and animals
Growth of biological pollutant
Factor of Location
bathrooms
damp or flooded basements
wet appliances (such as humidifiers or air conditioners)
carpets and furniture
High Moistures
modern materials and construction techniques (reduce the amount of outside air brought into buildings)
Using humidifiers, unvented heaters, and air conditioners
Health effects
allergic reactions
hypersensitivity
pneumonitis
allergic rhinitis
ashtma
Infectious diseases
influenza
measles
tuberculosis
molds and mildews can release disease causing toxins
sneezing, watery eyes, coughing, shortness of
breath, dizziness, fever, digestive problem, etc
VOC
Carbon containing compounds that evaporate at room temperature (off-gassing)
Off-gassing
At normal room temperatures, high enough vapor pressure to vaporize from materials and surfaces into the indoor air
Type of compounds
alkanes
aromatics
aldehydes
ketones
alcohols
ethers
Total VOC (TVOC)
considered as a whole and in combination of VOCs
Effects
Symptoms
headche
eye and upper respiratory irritation
nasal congestion
dizziness
highly irritant (from the mixtures of multiple VOCs)
reactive species (acids & aldehyde) from reacting with oxidant (ozone) or NO & NO2
Source
Materials (synthetic or natural)
Standard
0.3-0.5 mg/m3
0.2-0.6 mg/m3 (FISIAQ)