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Immune Response Frida Hernamdez P.1 - Coggle…
Immune Response Frida Hernamdez P.1
Major functions of the Lymphatic & Immune systems
Lymphatic vessels
collect and carry away excess tissue fluid from interstitial spaces; returns back to blood
Muscle activity moves lymph through L.V
Edema stops lymph and causes build up
Lymph nodes
: Have lymphocytes along the lymphatic vessel that helps defend against disease
Lymph
: Tissue fluid that entered the Lymphatic capillary by hydrostatic pressure of tissue fluid
Disorders associated with the Immune system
Infections
Toxoplasmosis, Hepatitis B, Tetanus, Rubella, Pinworm Infection, and Whooping Cough
Diseases
Chicken Pox, Meningitis, Smallpox, Malaria, and HFMD
Illnesses
Measles and HIB
Bacteria
Tuberculosis and Chlorea
Purpose and examples of First, Second and Third line of defense
1st
line of defense
: Mechanical barriers provide physical separation of pathogens & internal tissues to prevent certain pathogen entry
Ex: Unbroken skin, mucous membrane, ...
2nd
line of defense
Inflammation
: Tissue responds to stop spread of pathogens & infection
Chem. Barriers
: Chemicals in the body that kill many pathogens
Acidic environment, Enzymes, Interferons
NK Cells: Defends the body against viruses and cancer cells
Phagocytosis: Engulf, digest foreign particles and debris
Neutrophils - Attack smaller particles, Monocytes - attack larger ones
3rd line of defense - specialized
Lymhocytes
that secrete
Cytokines
or
Antibodies
, and
Memory cells
Innate(natural) immune defenses and Adaptive(acquired) immune defenses
Innate
guards against many pathogens' responds quickly
Includes:
1st line of defense
- Mechanical barriers, and
2nd line of defense
- Inflammation, Chemical barriers, Natural Killer cells and Phagocytosis
Separately induces a
Fever
- body temp is reset to a higher body temperature to create a hostile environment
Adaptive responds to specific type of pathogen, which is more slow
Includes: 3rd line of defense - specialized
Lymhocytes
that secrete
Cytokines
or
Antibodies
, and
Memory cells
Cells involved in the immune system and their functions
T cell
Immune response that develops from stem cells of the bone marrow. Protects from infection and helps fight off cancer
Helper T cell
(stim B cells),
Cytotoxic T cell
(monitor body cell),
Memory T cell
(quick response)
B cell
creates antibodies
Memory cells
B lymphocytes are cells that antibodies invade pathogens like viruses. Creates memory so in the future it knows to provide antibody faster
Artificial vs. Naturally acquired immunity
Naturally acquired immunity is exposure to an antigen in the body. Or antibodies passed from from mother to fetus
Artificial acquired immunity occurs through use of vaccines
Passive vs. Active immunity
Active immunity: antigen exposure; Antibody and memory b cells are produced; long lasting immunity
Passive Immunity: obtained by receiving antibodies; no memory B cells are produced as no antigen contact occurred; short term immunity
Antigens and antibodies
Antigen
is any large molecule that can trigger immune response
Antibodies
is a protein (plasma / type of white blood cell) that responds to any antigen
Location of Lymphatic organs and their functions
Lymphatic tissue
: Lymphocytes, macrophages, & other celss
Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue
(
MALT
) is unencapsulated lymphatic tissue w/ the digestive, repiratory, urinary, & reproductive sytems
Lmyphatic modules
: Tonsils, appendix, & peyer's
Encapsulated Lymphatic organs
: Lymph nodes. thymus, spleen
Lymph nodes
are chains found near L.V, bean shaped, and removes (bacteria), monitor (body fluids), attack(viruses), engulf and attacks (damaged cells)
Thymus
shrinks in size of lifetime, and provides immunity
Spleen
found in upper left abdominal cavity, and the largest lymphatic organ in the body, similar to lymph node but its blood instead of lymph
Humoral response and cellular response
Humoral Response produces antigen specific antibodies
Cellular Response is cell to cell contact, activated T cells interact w/ other antigen bearing cells. Does not produce antigen for specific antibodies