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Evie Ramos Per 2 Lymphatic/Immune System - Coggle Diagram
Evie Ramos
Per 2
Lymphatic/Immune System
Major functions of the Lymphatic & Immune systems
Lymphatic system: secondary circulatory system, lymph vessels collect and carry away excess tissue fluid, lymph nodes help defend again disease.
Immune system: protects your body from outside invaders
Location of Lymphatic organs and their functions
Lymph nodes: Filter lymph, Immune surveillance, lymphocytes attack viruses, macrophages engulf and destroy unknown particles,
Located: cervical lymph node, thoracic lymph node, axillary lymph node, supratrochlear lymph node, abdominal lymph node, pelvic lymph node, inguinal lymph node
Thymus: Lymphocytes go to the thymus and then mature into T lymphocytes
Located: below the larynx, thyroid gland, trachea, between the lungs and above the heart
Spleen: Filters the blood and removes damaged blood cells and bacteria
Located: Upper left abdominal cavity
Purpose and examples of First, Second and Third line of defense
First line of defense
Prevent the entry of certain pathogens by providing a physical separation of pathogens and internal tissues
Mechanical barriers: skin/mucous membrane
Second line defense
When the pathogen enters cells, tissues, organs start to work to protect the body
Chemical barriers: natural killer cells, phagocytes, fever, inflammation
Third line of defense
Response by the body against specific pathogens, their toxins or metabolic products
Cellular immune response and Humoral immune response
Innate(natural) immune defenses and Adaptive(acquired) immune defenses
Innate immune defenses
Guard against many types of pathogens; respond quickly; include species resistance, mechanical barriers, chemical barriers, natural killer cells, inflammation, phagocytosis, and fever
Adaptive Immune Defenses
Respond against only a specific type of pathogen; respond more slowly; specialized lymphocytes, which secrete cytokines or antibodies
Humoral response and cellular response
Cellular Response:
response through cell-to-cell contact, as activated T cells interact directly with antigen-bearing cells
Humoral response
Antibodies travel through the body fluids to attack and destroy antigens
Antigens and antibodies
Antigens
any large molecule that that can trigger an immune
response
Antibodies
B cells differentiate into plasma cells, which produce antibodies
Artificial vs. Naturally acquired immunity
Artificial Acquired Immunity
artifical meaning an injection of gamma globulins containing antibodies, no antigen exposure, no immune response, and no memory B cells produced
Naturally acquired
antibodies are passed from mother to fetus, lack of an
immune response and lack of memory B cell formation
Both are short term
Passive vs. Active immunity
Active
antigen exposure, immune response occurs in person, antibodies and memory B cells are made, long-lasting immunity
Passive
receiving antibodies, no antigen contact and no immune response occurs, no memory B cells, short-term immunity
Cells involved in the immune system and their functions
Phagocytes: Monocyte and Neutrophils
Neutrophils engulf smaller particles and monocytes attack larger ones
Macrophages
engulf and destroy foreign particles, debris, and damaged cells
Natural killer cells
Small group of lymphocytes fighting viruses and cancer cells by secreting perforins which breaks apart the pathogen
B Cell
humoral immune response, interact indirectly, producing antibodies that destroy the antigens
T cell
cellular immune response, interact directly with antigens to destroy them
Disorders associated with the Immune system
Chicken pox
Varicella chicken pox is a contagious disease caused by the vancella zaster virus
Toxoplasmosis
Food borne illness pregnant women are more likely to get it or someone with a week immune system
Rubella
Contagious viral infection that is known for red rash cases
Meningitis
Bacterial or viral infection of the fluid surrounding the brain or spinal cord causing swelling
Measles
Viral respiratory illness
Haemophilus Influnzae Type B
Serious illness caused by bacteria
Pinworm infection
roundworm causes itching around anal because of laid eggs
Small pox
virus caused by the variola virus
Malaria
disease transmitted by plasmodium, parasite, through a single mosquito bite
tuberculosis
germs spread person to person theough air usually affect the lungs
Polio virus
spreads person to person caused by poliomyelitis
whooping cough (pertussis)
viral infection which causes coughing
Hand foot and mouth
coxsackie virus that enters the body through mouth and nose
Hepatitis B
contagious liver infection by hepatitis b virus
Tetanus
infection cause by bacteria to muscle and jaws
Cholera