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Juvenal Tapia period 2 Lymphatic/Immune System - Coggle Diagram
Juvenal Tapia
period 2
Lymphatic/Immune System
Major functions of the Lymphatic & Immune systems
Lymphatic- Lymphatic vessels collect and carry away excess tissue fluid
from interstitial spaces, eventually returning it to the blood
Immune-
Artificial vs. Naturally acquired immunity
Passive vs. Active immunity
Passive-
Active-
Purpose and examples of First, Second and Third line of defense
Location of Lymphatic organs and their functions
Humoral response and cellular response
Innate(natural) immune defenses and Adaptive(acquired) immune defenses
Innate- Guard against many types of pathogens; respond quickly
-Include species resistance, mechanical barriers, chemical barriers, natural killer
cells, inflammation, phagocytosis, and fever
Mechanical barriers-
Prevent the entry of certain pathogens by providing a physical separation of pathogens and internal tissues
Examples: unbroken skin and mucous membranes of the body
Includes hair, mucus, and sweat
Mechanical barriers represent the body’s first line of defense
The rest of the innate defenses are part of the second line of defense
Inflammation-
A tissue response to injury or infection
Function of inflammation is to stop the spread of pathogens and infection
Characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain
Major events of the inflammatory response include-
-Dilation of blood vessels, to increase of blood volume (causes redness)
-Increased capillary permeability, which leads to edema and heat
-Attraction of white blood cells into the affected area, for phagocytosis
-Blood clotting & fibrin thread formation
-Fibroblasts secrete chemicals that produce a sac around the area to wall off infection; inhibits spread of infection
Chemical barriers-
Chemicals that kill many pathogens
Acidic environment provided by HCl in gastric juice is lethal to some pathogens
Enzymes, such as pepsin in the stomach and lysozyme in tears,destroy many pathogens
Interferons, hormone-like peptides secreted by lymphocytes and fibroblasts when viruses or tumor cells are present, block viral replication and slow tumor growth
Natural killer (NK) cells-
Small group of lymphocytes, other than T cells and B cells
Defend the body against viruses and cancer cells by secreting cytolytic substances called perforins, which lyse (break apart) cell membranes of pathogens
NK cells also secrete substances that enhance inflammation
Phagocytosis
Engulfment and digestion of pathogens, foreign particles, and debris
Most active phagocytes are neutrophils and monocytes, which leave bloodstream in areas of injury
Phagocytes are attracted to the injured area by chemotaxis, in which they are attracted by chemicals from injured cells
Neutrophils engulf smaller particles; monocytes attack larger ones
Monocytes give rise to macrophages outside the blood, which are either free or become fixed in various tissues
Adaptive-Respond against only a specific type of pathogen; respond more slowly
-Accomplished by specialized lymphocytes, which secrete cytokines or antibodies
Antigens and antibodies
Disorders associated with the Immune system
Cells involved in the immune system and their functions