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Lymphatic & Immune System Melanie Sanchez-Zaragoza P.2 - Coggle Diagram
Lymphatic & Immune System Melanie Sanchez-Zaragoza P.2
Humoral responses & cellular response
Humoral
Antibody- mediated immunity
antibodies produced by lymphocytes
Bind temporarily to target cell (Marked for destruction)
Mainly B cells
Antibodies secretes to attack pathogens & stop from reproducing
B cells encounter target antigen, provokes response, antibodies specific for particular antigen produced
Cellular
lymphocytes against target cell
Directly kill infected cells
Indirectly release chemicals, enhance inflammatory response,
activates lymphocytes/macrophages
Mainly T Cells
2 populations
CD4 cell
become
helper T cell, activate B & T cells
some become
regulatoy T cells= moderate immune system
some become
memory cells
CD8 Cells
become cytotoxic T cells= destroys cells harboring foreign antigens
become memory cells
Artificial vs Naturally acquired immunity
Artificial
Active
response
to vaccine of dead or attenuated pathogen
Foreign to your body, not natural
Passive
injection of serum
protection ends when antibodies naturally degrade in body
Naturally
Active
response to bacterial / viral infections
Passive
antibodies delivered to fetus via placenta or to infant through milk
Locations of Lymphatic Organs & their Functions
Tonsils
At the throat
Prevents germs from entering body
Thymus
at chest, superior to heart
gets smaller as you get older
Location where T cells mature
Red Bone Marrow
Center of all bones
Produces T & B cells, Location where B cells mature
Spleen
at upper abdomen
Largest lymphatic organ
cleanses blood & gets rid of old/infected RBC
Peyer's Patches
Within the walls of small intestines
monitor & prevents bacterial growth in intestines
Appendix
Lower abdomen, attached to large intestine
Houses good bacteria
Lymph Nodes
All over the body, bean shaped
Cleanses lymph
MALT
Include lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen, & Peyer's patches
Antigens & Antibodies
Antigen
made from B cells, plasma cells, & memory cells
Antibodies
A protein that triggers our immune system ( appears on the exterior of pathogen)
Innate (natural) immune defense & Adaptive (acquired) immune defenses
Innate
1st & 2nd lines of defense
1st=
external body membrane ( skin & mucosa)
2nd=
antimicrobial proteins, phagocytes ( inhibits invaders)
Something that you're born with
Includes
Neutrophil
Basophil
Dendritic cell
Eosinophil
Macrophages
Natural Killer cells
Adaptive
Causes 3rd ling of defense to activate
is activated to kill a certain pathogen
has to study/ recognize pathogen
action takes longer
functional system rather than organ system
Characteristics-
specific- recognizes & targets antigens
systemic- NOT restricted to inital site
memory- stronger attack to "known" antigens
2 main branches
Humoral ( antibody- mediated) immunity
antibodies produced by lymphocytes
Bind temporarily to target cell (mark for destruction)
Cellular ( cell- mediated) immunity
Lymphocytes against target cell
Direct killing-
Killing infected cell
Indirectly-
releasing chemicals enhance inflammatory response
Passive vs Active immunity
Passive
occurs when ready-made antibodies INTRODUCED to body
no memory cells produced
2 types
Naturally acquired
antibodies delivered to FETUS ( placenta or to infant through milk)
Artificially acquired
INJECTION or SERUM
not natural
Active
Occurs when B cells ENCOUNTER antigens & produce specific antibodies AGAINST them
2 types
Naturally acquired
in response to ACTIVE
bacterial/viral
infections
Artificially acquired
in response to
vaccine
of dead or attenuated pathogens
Purpose and examples of 1st, 2nd, & 3rd line of defense
1st line
surface barriers ( Skin & Mucous membrane)
Physical-
most microorgansims
Keratin-
resistant to weak acids, bases, bacterial enzymes, & toxins
Mucosae-
provide similar mechanical barriers
chemicals
Acid-
acidity of skin & mucous, inhibits growth
Enzymes-
lysozyme of saliva, respiratory mucus, & lacrimal fluids
Mucin-
sticky mucus, TRAPS microorganism
part of INNATE ( NONSPECIFIC) defense system
External body membrane
2nd line
Innate system
necessary if microorganism
INVADES DEEPER TISSUES
includes
Fever
Antimicrobial proteins
natural killer cells
Inflammatory response
Phagocytes
Have a PATTERN to RECOGNIZE RECEPTORS
3rd
Adaptive (specific )
relies on antigens, which are specific substances found in foreign microbes
Includes
Antibodies
memory cells
Lymphocytes
Cells involved in Immune System & their Functions
Multi potent Hematopoetic STEM CELL
Myeloid Progenitor / INNATE SYSTEM
Mast cell
first line of defense against antigens entering the body due to their location in the skin and mucosa
Monocyte
Dendritic cell
wears pieces of pathogen to "awaken" Tcell
Marcophage
eat froeign objects/pathogens & old cells
attacks bigger pathogens
Granulocytes
Eosinophil
Traps and Kills pathogens
Basophil
releases proteins that will stick to the pathogen to alert macrophages
Neutrophil
will attack anything in it's way & eventually will self destruct & continue to kill pathogens
Natural killer cell
secretes a chemical to attack pathogen
Lymphoid progenitor / ADAPTIVE SYSTEM
T cll
Memory t cell
memorize the characteristics of antigen that activated T cell during initial infection
Helper t cell
They tag which cells to attack & help activate B cells, also help activate cytotoxic T cells to kill infected target cells.
cytotoxic t cell
direct killing of intracellular pathogens, & elimination of mutated & cancerous cells
Natural killer cell
secretes a chemical to attack pathogen
B cell
memory b cell
memorize the characteristics of antigen that activated B cell during initial infection
Plasma cell
secreting immunoglobulin, or antibody.
Dissorders associated with Immune System
Polio
Disabling & life threatening virus infecting a person spinal cord, causing paralysis
Measles
Respiratory illness, highly contagious, visually shown as a rash
Malaria
Acute feverish illness spread to people through bites of infected female mosquito
Chicken pox
highly contagious caused by varicellazoster virus
Anaphylactic shock
severe reaction when an allergen introduced to bloodstream of an allergic individual, causes labored breathing, widespread vasodilation, circulatory shock, & death.
Small pox
Infection caused by variola virus
Allergen
antigen that causes an allergic reaction
Glomerulonephritis
damages Kidney
Myasthenia gravis
impairs nerve muscles connections
Multiple Sclerosis
Destroys white matter myelin
Graves Disease
cuases Hyperthyroidism
Rheumatoid Arthritis
destroys joints
System lups erythematous (SLE)
affects organs
Major Functions of the Lymphatic & Immune System
Lymphatic
returns fluid leaked from blood vessels back to blood
3 parts
Network of lymphatic vessels
( lymphatics)
Lymph-
fluid in vessels
Lymph Nodes-
cleanses lymph
Immune
Identify threat/ pathogens
mount attack
Eliminate pathogen
remember/ memorize pathogen