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10 Lymph Immune Concept Map Daniel Sanchez p.2 - Coggle…
10 Lymph Immune Concept Map
Daniel Sanchez p.2
Major functions of the Lymphatic & Immune systems (include BOTH)
Lymphatic system
managing fluid levels in the bodty
reacting to bacteria
absorbing some of the fats in our diet from the intestine
dealing with cancer cells
Immune system
fight disease-causing germs (pathogens) like bacteria, viruses,parasites or fungi
recognize and neutralize harmful substances from the environment
fight disease-causing changes in the body,such as cancer cells
Location of Lymphatic organs and their functions
Lymph Node
location: neck, axilla (underarm), chest, abdomen, and groin.
function: filter substances that travel through the lymphatic fluid
tonsils
located in the lateral oropharynx
function: stop germs from entering the body through the mouth or the nose
Red Bone Marrow
location: center of the bones
function: produces blood cells
Peyer's Patches
Location: small intestine; usually in the ileum area
function: In addition to further digesting the food you eat, the ileum also absorbs water and nutrients from food.
Thymus
location: chest between lungs superior to the heart
Function: producing and maturing lymphocytes, or immune cells
Spleen
location: upper left side of your abdomen, next to your stomach and behind your left ribs.
function: controls the level of white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets
Cells involved in the immune system and their functions
Neutrophils
These are also known as granulocytes and provide an early response to inflammation. They kill pathogens but also die as a result.
macrophages
These clean up after a response. They remove pathogens, dead neutrophils, and other debris.
dendritic cells
These activate the immune response and help engulf microbes and other invaders.
monocytes
These can differentiate into dendritic cells and macrophages,
Mast cells
These trigger an immune response when they detect an antigen
Artificial vs. Naturally acquired immunity
Passive:
Naturally acquired: formed in response to actual bacterial or viral infection
Artificially acquired: formed in response to vaccine of dead or attenuated pathogens
Active:
Naturally acquired: antibodies delivered to the fetus via placenta does not occur through milk
Artificially acquired: injection of serum; such as gamma globulin ; antibodies made after exposure to an infection
Innate(natural) immune defenses and Adaptive(acquired) immune defenses
Innate
includes
natural killer cells
macrophages
-dendritic cells
-basophils
neutrophils
eosinophils
born with
non specific
Adaptive
specific
needs to be activated
cellular immunity
cell mediated
t cells
hummoral immunity
antibody mediated
b cells
Purpose and examples of First, Second and Third line of defense
1st line of defense ( non-specific defenses; innate immunity)
skin, mucous membranes, secretions of skin & mucous membranes
2nd line of defense ( non-specific defenses ; innate immunity)
phagocytic leukocytes, antimicrobial proteins, inflammatory response, fever
3rd line of defense ( specific defenses; adaptive immunity)
lymphocytes, antibodies, and memory cells
Humoral response and cellular response
Humoral Immunity
B cells
produces antibodies
Cellular Immunity
T cells
-Helper T cells
help B cell produce antibodies and help other immune cells
Cytotoxic T Cells
kill infected cells and cancer cells
Antigens and antibodies
antigens
made from b cells, monocytes, and plasma cells
antibodies
a protein that triggers our immune system appears on the exterior of pathogens
Passive vs. Active immunity
Active Immunity
immunity you develop after being exposed to an infection or from getting a vaccine
Natural & vaccination
Passive Immunity
immunity you acquire from someone or something else
maternal & artificial
Disorders associated with the Immune system
Enterobiasis ( pinworm infection)
description: while, parasitic worms that live in the large intestine of humans
causes/risk factors: parasite travels from the anal area, up to the uterus
Symptoms: difficulty sleeping, itching around anus or vaginal area, loss of appetite/ weight loss abdominal pain
treatment options: medications, pyrntel, pamoate, and albendazone
Malatia ( plasomdium)
description: acute feverish illness that is spread to people through the bites of infected female anopheles mosquito
causes/risk factors: mosquitos inject sporozoites into humans, causes infection in liver cells, youth, pregnant women, infants, people w/ HIV/AIDS are at more risk
symptoms: high fever, shaking/chills, flu-like illness, and headache
treatment option: depends on age, severity & malaria parasites, chloroquine phosphate, and artemether
Toxoplasmosis
description: foodborne illness
causes/risk factors: parasite called toxoplasma gondi, eating raw meat or shell fish and weak immune; higher risk
symptoms: muscle aches, flu-like symptoms, fatigue, eye pain,fever, and nausea
Treatment option: antibodies, comb. of drugs
chlorea
description: diarrhea illness, extremely virulent disease
causes/risk factors: vibro cholera, type o blood, drinking water or eating, foods w/ chlorea
symptoms: watery diarrhea, vomiting, and leg cramps
Treatment Option:w/ oral re hydration solution, drinking sanitation, decaying waste
Hepatitis B
Description: vaccine-preventable liver infection caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) of blood,semen, and other body fluids pass on
Causes/risk factors:women; delivery blood to blood control, improper sterilized medical equipment ( injections and more like tattoos)
Symptoms: fever, loss of appetite, fatigue, muscle & Joints
Treatment Options: liver transplant, interferon injections, and antiviral medications
Polio
Description: disabling & life threatening virus infected a person spinal cord, causing paralysis
Causes/risk factors: person-to-person contact , contaminates food/water, and polio virus
Symptoms: paralysis, fever, nausea, and headache
Treatment Options: no cure, physical therapy, and oral polio virus vaccine
Tuberculosis ( TB)
Description: disease caused by germs that are spread from person to person through air
Caused/risk factors:bacterial myocbacterium tuberculosis, weakens immune system, and airborne particles called droplet nuclei
Symptoms: bad cough, chills & fever, and night sweats
Treatment Options: 6 or 9 months RIPE treatment and 4 months ritapentine
Hand, foot, & mouth disease
description: mild, contagious viral infection that effects mouth, foot, and nose
causes/risk factors: fluid from blisters, feces, and kissing hugging
Symptom: fever, skin rash, and sore throat
Treatment: over-the-counter medication, eat soft foods, clean blisters
Measles
Description: acute viral respiratory illness, highly contagious, lead to many complications red rash
causes/risk factors: diarrhea, pneumonia and ear infection
Symptoms:cough, rashes, runny nose
Treatment: antibiotics, rest, and staying hydrated
haemophilus influenza type b (HIB)
description: type of bacteria that causes many interactions
causes/ risk factors: sneezing in close proximity, adults 65+ and childen 5-
Symptoms: ear infection, bronchitis, and pneumonia
Treatment: breathing support, antibiotics for infection, and cetotaxine
Chickepox
description: highly contagious disease caused by the varicdlla zoster virus
causes/risk factors: airborne droplets sneeze, infants at risk, and pregnant women
-symptoms: vaccine, bed rest, and over counter medication
treatment option: fever, tiredness, and loss of appetite
Meningitis
-description: an inflammation in the meninges covering brain and spinal cord
-causes/risk factors: measles virus, humps virus, influenza virus
-symptoms: fever, nausea and sleepiness
-treatment: antiviral medicine, no specific treatment
tetanus
description: infection caused by bacteria colostrum terani that produces painful muscle contraction or "lack jaw"
causes/ risk factors: affects cardiac system, lung infection, affect respiratory system
symptoms: jaw cramping , trouble swallowing, an seizure
treatment: immediate treatment, fever/sweating, and antibiotics
smallpox
description: serious infection disease caused by variola virsus
causes/risk factors: cough + sneeze, blindness, and bodily fluid
symptoms: fever, muscle aches, and vomitting
treatment options: no treatment, vaccines, and antiviral drugs