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module 13, image, 20221121_120319, image - Coggle Diagram

- - - - A response from 127.0.0.1 for IPv4, or
        ::1 for IPv6, indicates that IP is properly installed on the host.
      - An error message indicates that TCP/IP
        is not operational on the host
  - - - The default gateway address is most often used
        because the router is normally always operational.
        
        A successful ping to the default gateway
        indicates that the host and the router interface serving as the default gateway are both operational on the local network.
        
        If the default gateway address does not
        respond, a ping can be sent to the IP address of another host on the local network that is known to be operational.
  - - - A local host can ping a host on a remote
        network. A successful ping across the internetwork confirms communication on the local network.
        
        Note: Many network administrators limit or
        prohibit the entry of ICMP messages therefore the lack of a ping response could be due to security restrictions.
- - - - The ICMP messages common to both ICMPv4 and ICMPv6 include:
        
        • Host reachability
        
        • Destination or Service Unreachable
        
        • Time exceeded
  - - - • 0 - Net unreachable
      - • 1 - Host unreachable
      - • 2 - Protocol unreachable
      - • 3 - Port unreachable
    - - • 0 - No route to destination
      - • 1 - Communication with the destination is
      - administratively prohibited (e.g., firewall)
      - • 2 – Beyond scope of the source address
      - • 3 - Address unreachable
      - • 4 - Port unreachable