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How Do Cells Divide? - Coggle Diagram
How Do Cells Divide?
Cell Cycle
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G0
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Is essentially a resting state for cells where they still have all of their organelles and normal functions, but they aren’t getting ready to divide.
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Mitosis
Where the cell eventually splits into two separate cells that are genetically identical. The cell spends the least of its time here.
Cell Cycle Checkpoints
Used in the cell cycle to make sure that the cell is grown enough and ready for the next phase in the cell cycle
CDKs and Cyclins
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Cyclin levels rise and fall between the phases of the cell cycle, but the CDK levels stay the same throughout all of it.
Cancer
Cancer is when cells divide so rapidly that they cannot be controlled. Benin tumors won’t spread over the body, but malignant tumors will begin to spread if not treated quickly.
Cacncer Causing Genes
Tumor suppressor gene
Usually used to stop tumors from forming but a mutation can cause it to stop so cancer can form. Two mutations are needed to form cancer.
Oncogenes
Proto-oncogenes are the unmutated form of this gene which usually regulates cell growth. One mutation is needed to form cancer.
DNA repair gene
Usually helps repair damaged DNA, but when it is mutated it stops and cancer forms. Two mutations are needed to form cancer.
Mitosis
Phases of Mitosis
Prophase
DNA in the cell is condensed into chromosomes and the nuclear membrane is broken down. Centrosomes are formed
Metaphase
Spindle fibers from the centrosomes are attached to each chromosome and the chromosomes are aligned into a single file line at the middle of the cell
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Telophase
The separate sister chromatids go to opposite sides of the cell and a nucleus is formed around those
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Hayflick Limit
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The ends of the chromosomes aren’t really necessary but when it gets shorter, the important DNA will get cut which is why cell division is stopped.
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