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Lymphatic/Immunue system - Jocelyn Villa Per. 1 - Coggle Diagram
Lymphatic/Immunue system - Jocelyn Villa Per. 1
Purpose and ex of 1st,2nd,and 3rd lines of defense.
Purpose:
Each defense has a differ way of working however their common goal is to prevent pathogens from fully entering the body and causing harm.
First line of defense:
Mechanical Barriers (skin and mucus membranes)
If pathogen enters body then 2nd line of defense:
Chem barriers (enzymes, pH, salt, interferons, complement)
natural killer cells
Inflammation
phagocytes
fever
3rd line of defense:
cellular immune response
Humoral Immune response
Passive vs. Active Immunity
Passive immmunty:
by receiving antibodies; since there’s no antigen contact and no immune response occurs, no memory B cells are produced, therefore there is only a short term immunity.
Active Immunity:
Obtained through antigen exposure; an immune response occurs in person; in which antibodies and memory B cells are produced, this will cause a long lasting immunity.
Major Functions of Lymphatic and Immune systems
Lymphatic sys. Major functions:
2nd circulatory system.
-lymphatic vessels collect and carry away excess tissue fluid from interstitial spaces eventually returning it to blood.
Lymph nodes help defend body against disease
Immune sys major func.
Main funct. Is to protect body against harmful Pathogens
Made up of many organs and proteins that all take a role in getting rid of pathogens.
Consists of three different lines of defenses.
Immmune system reacts quickly to foreign cells/substances.
Location of Lymphatic Organs and their Functions
Locations of Lymphatic Organs:
Encapsulated organs are:
Lymph nodes
Thymus
Spleen
Functions of Lymph Nodes:
Filter lymph and remove bacteria and cellular debris before lymph is returned to blood.
Monitors body fluids performed by lymphocytes and macrophages.
Centers of Lymphocte production.
Attack viruses, bacteria, and parasitic cells that enter lymph node.
Function of Thymus:
shrinks in size during lifetime; large in children, small in adults, replaced by adipose and connective tissue in elderly.
Lobules contain lymphocytes, some of which mature into T cells or T lymphocytes, that leave thymus to provide immunity.
Function of Spleen:
lies in upper left abdominal cavity
largest lymphatic organ in body
similar to large lymph node, except it contains blood instead of lymph.
filters blood and removes damaged blood cells.
Humoral Response and Cellular Response
Humoral Immune response:
antibodies travel through body fluids to attack and destroy antigens, this is called the humoral immune response
Cellular Immune Response AKA cell mediated immunity:
Response through cell to cell contact as activated T cells interact directly with antigen bearing cells.
Innate and Adaptive Immune systems
Innate Immune System:
non specific
Species resistance: species that is resistant to disease that affects other species.
mechanical barrier: Prevent Entry of certain pathogens by providing a physical separation of pathogens and internal tissues.
Inflammation: tissue response to injury/infection
Chem barriers: chems that kill many pathogens
Natural killer cells: small group of lymphocytes, other than T cells and be cells
Phagocytosis: engulfment and digestion of pathogens, foreign particles, and debris
Adaptive (specific):
respond only against a specific type of pathogen; respond quickly.
accomplished by lymphocytes; secrete cytokines or antibodies.
Disorders associated with Immune Sys.
Chicken Pox (varicella):
A contagious disease that’s causes by the varicella zoster Virus (Vzv)
causes/risk factors:
weak immune sys
Preg women who haven’t had it
people with HIV
Symptoms
fever
tiredness
loss of appetite
Treatment:
vaccine (2 doses)
calamine lotion
acetaminophen
Toxoplasmosis:
Food borne illness. Pregnant woman more likely to get it or someone with a weak immune sys.
Causes/risk factors
weak immune sys
pregnancy
cat excrements
symptoms
flu
swollen lymph/glands
muscle aches
Treatment
meds
antibiotics
anti parasites
Rubella:
a contagious disease causes by a virus.
Causes/risk factors
human herpes
passed by coughing/sneezing
measles
symptoms
- low grade fever
sore throat
mild pink eye
Treatment
no cure
meds
rubella vaccine
Meningitis:
a viral infection of fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord, causing inflammation.
Causes/risk factors
cancer
head injury
viral
Symptoms
flu like
headache
rash
treatment
antibiotics
steroid medication
IV drip bag
Measles:
a viral respiratory illness
causes/risk factors
ages <5
exp to infected
pregnancy
symptoms
high fever
cough
runny nose
treatment
no cure
time/rest
drink water
Haemophilus influenza type b:
serious illness caused by bacteria
causes/risk factors
death
sickle cell
pneoumonia
symptoms:
fever and chills
anxiety
short breath
treatment
breathing supp
meds for low bp
wound care
Pinworm infection:
causes itches arounf anal area because female pinworm has larger eggs
causes/risk factors
swallowing worm egg
airborne
fecal
symptoms:
anal area itching
weight loss
appetite loss
Treatment
over counter meds
mebendazole
albendazole
Smallpox:
Virus caused by variola virus
causes/risk factors
contact w/ body fluids
material contaminated being touched
air in enclosed settings
symptoms:
high fever
head/body aches
vomiting
treatment
antiviral drugs
cidofever
brincidofovir
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Cells involved in the Immune system and their functions
T cell: provides cellular immune response in which T cells interact directly with antigens or antigen bearing agents to destroy them.
B cells
provides humoral immune response in which B cells interact indirectly producing antibodies that destroy antigens or antigen bearing agents
Antigens and Antibodies
Antigens:
can be any large molecules that can trigger an immune system (ex: proteins, foods, chems, etc)
before birth body makes an inventory of “self” antigens.
immune response is directed against “non self” molecules, which are usually large and complex foreign molecules.
Antibodies:
different types of antibodies and different types of reactions.
generally an antibody is a response to fight against a specific type of antigen. It’s made by plasma and chems that are foreign found in blood to counteract pathogens.
Artificial vs. Naturally acquired Immunity
Artificially acquired passive immunity:
Involves injection of gamma globulins containing antibodies or anti serum; this is a short term because there was no antigen exposure, no immune response, and no memory B cells produced.
Artificially acquired active immunity:
exposure to a vaccine contains weakened or dead pathogens or their components. As a result stimulation of an immune response without the severe symptoms of a disease occurs.