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State Crime - Coggle Diagram
State Crime
What enables governments to commit state crime?
Financial backing
Ideological control
Fear inducing
Control over media and public and security
Relationships with other countries
Disregard for citizens
Definitions of state crime
Crime= socially constructed, we disagree nation to nation on what is a crime- difficult to identify and intervene in other states.
Zemiological approach- what causes harm should be the basis of what is considered criminal. Imposes one set of values on others.
Transgressive approach- if it harms human rights then it is a crime, transgressing their freedom.
McLaughlin
- 4 types of state crime
Political Crimes
Censorship (Iran Women’s protest)
Crimes of the Police and Security Forces
Institutional racism in a state’s police service (Tyre Nichols)
During the Iraq War, US soldiers tortured prisoners in Abu Ghraib prison against the rules of the Geneva Convention
Economic Crimes
Corruption
Social and Cultural Crimes
State sponsored campus in China for Uighur muslims
Hitler’s persecution of the Jewish population in Germany.
Myanmar’s persecution of the Rohingya
Green and Ward
- illegal or deviant activities pepetrated by the state, or with the complicity of state agencies. State crimes are committed by or on behalf of nations rates in order to acheive their policies.
Causes of state crime
Adorno
- citizens are persuaded to support crime by an authoritarian leader
Kelman and Hamilton
- crimes of obedience
The Holocaust
Authoritisation
Routinisation
Dehumanisation
Cohen
- culture of denial
Stage 1: The event did not happen
‘Special Military Action’ for Ukrainian War
Stage 2: the event was necessary
Stage 3: Event was justified as to prevent harm
Sykes and Matza
- techniques of neutralisation
Denial of a victim
Denial of injury
Denial of responsibility
Condemning the condemners
Appealing to higher loyalty
Taylor
Capitalism is the main driver of globalisation of crime.
Rich people can move money effectively and efficiently
Rich people do not want to enforce laws over tax havens
Companies want to maximise profit.
State crime can be committed by anyone working for the state.
Politicians or civil servants
Public sector workers such as armed forces, police or teachers.
Anyone doing anything illegal when working in an official context to achieve government policy.
Dependency Theory
State crime against the powerless is a systemic part of development.
The rich countries depend on their ability to commit crimes at the expense of poorer ones such as colonialism and slavery.
Rich countries permit developing countries engage in state crime where they are also served an interest
Example: Treatment of women in Saudi Arabia was not challenged by the US.