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Theme 2 LO2 - How does prospective memory work - Coggle Diagram
Theme 2 LO2 - How does prospective memory work
Crucial mechanisms of prospective memory:
Kidder, D. P., Park, D. C., Hertzog, C., & Morrell, R. W. (1997). Prospective memory and aging: The effects of working memory and prospective memory task load. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 4(2), 93-112.
Lamichhane, B., McDaniel, M. A., Waldum, E. R., & Braver, T. S. (2018). Age-related changes in neural mechanisms of prospective memory. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 18, 982-999.
Older adults exhibited a reduction in PM-related sustained activity within the anterior prefrontal cortex (aPFC) and associated dorsal frontoparietal cognitive control network, due to an increase in non-specific sustained activation in (no-PM) control blocks (i.e., an age-related compensatory shift).
Transient PM-trial specific activity was observed in both age groups within a ventral parietal memory network that included the precuneus.
These age differences in sustained and transient brain activity statistically mediated age-related declines in PM performance, and were potentially linked via age-related changes in functional connectivity between the aPFC and precuneus.
Measurable changes in brains with age
PM declines are due to neural mechanisms that support proactive cognitive control processes, such as sustained attentional monitoring, while leaving reactive control mechanisms relatively spared.
behavioral triggers
Sellen, A. J., Louie, G., Harris, J. E., & Wilkins, A. J. (1997). What brings intentions to mind? An in situ study of prospective memory. Memory, 5(4), 483-507.
When subjects remembered the Place task, thoughts increased with proximity to the target location.
thoughts about intentions occurred more in places such as stairwells than in locations where people tended to settle.
https://doi.org/10.1080/741941433
Intentions may occour more frequently than subjects are prepared to eport them.
TIme based factors and even based factors were not directly comparable in terms of frequency of rembering.
Executive processing as a part of the puzzle
Martin, M., Kliegel, M., & McDaniel, M. A. (2003). The involvement of executive functions in prospective memory performance of adults. International Journal of Psychology, 38(4), 195-206.
Intetntion formation
Intention exectution
Intention retention
At present, though, it is still unclear whether, and to what extent, prefrontal executive systems are involved in different kinds of prospective memory tasks, as some findings suggest that prospective memory might rather rely on nonstrategic processes that are unlikely to depend on prefrontal executive systems.
Research
Results showed that executive functioning did not predict performance in the simple single-task paradigm.
However, executive functioning, but not age, predicted performance in the two more complex standard tests of prospective remembering, and both executive functioning and age predicted performance in the most complex paradigm.
obtained data underline the assumption that frontal/ executive functions are related to prospective memory performance across a range of prospective paradigms. It also seems clear that age differences in prospective memory performance partially depend on age-related individual differences in frontal/executive functions.
reinstantiation of the intention