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Europe Faces Revolution, How did nationalism blur the line between…

- - - - Conservative
        
        usually wealthy property owners and nobles.
        
        Argued to protect traditional monarchies
        
        modern conservatism
      - Liberal
        
        usually middle class business leaders and merchants
        
        Wanted to give more power to elected parliaments
        
        Only educated and landowners would vote
        
        modern liberalism
      - Radical
        
        wanted drastic change to extend democracy
        
        believed governments should follow ideals of French Revolution (liberty, equality, and brotherhood)
        
        Some believed in anarchism (government not needed)
        
        modern radicalism
      - To which school do U.S. political parties belong?
        
        U.S political parties are conservative and liberal. Although the exact ideals have changed, the ideas conservatives valuing tradition and liberals valuing a strong government still remain.
      - Concept: Identity- people started to identify with different groups based on beliefs
    - - People have such different philosophies because we all see the world differently and have different experiences that influence our opinions.
      - Concept: Values and Beliefs
- - - - The Ottomans controlled most of Balkans, which includes present day Greece, Albania, Bulgaria, Romania, Turkey, and Yugoslavia.
        
        The powerful European governments opposed revolution. The Greek independence was popular with people around the world.
        
        Why did leaders of powerful countries oppose revolution even when not directed against them?
        
        It usually spread around the country so they didn't want people to worry about it and cause the citizens to revolt against them.
        
        As popular support of Greeks grew, powerful nations of Europe took the Greeks side.
        
        In 1827, a fleet of British, French, and Russians destroyed the Ottoman fleet at the Battle of Navarino.
        
        By the 1830's, the old order that was arranged at the Congress of Vienna, was breaking down. And revolutionary zeal was spreading across Europe.
        
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        Battle of Navarine
        
        In Italy, nationalists worked to united the separate states on the Italian Peninsula. A lot were independent and others were ruled by Austria, or by a pope.
        
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        Change: To make or become different
        
        Revolution: The forceable overthrow of a government or social order in favor of a new system
      - The Greeks kept memory of their ancient history and culture.
      - The Greeks demanded independence and rebelled against the Ottoman Turks in 1821.
- - - - Most of the people who believed in nationalism were either liberals or radicals.
      - People liked the idea of nationalism and wanted to be a nationalist so they could be more free and not be tied down by a corrupt or evil ruler.
      - Nationalism blurred the line because nationsilm was suppose to give people free choice and hope, it was supposed to be for people who were never free. But then only certain states could be a national state and it took away from the goal of nationalism where anyone could be a nationalist and feel like you have freedom.
      - They wanted to split away and estabilish self rule
      - Concept: Beliefs and values of nationalism
  - - - Were the peasants better off after the serfs were freed?
        
        despite newly acquired freedom, the life of a serf remained grim in many aspects. household serfs benefited the least gaining their freedom, but no land many bureaucrats beloved that these reforms would bring about drastic changes that would only affect the lower stories of society strengthening the autocracy
        
        serfs gained the full rights of free citizens including rights to marry without having to gain consent to own property and own business
        
        the principalities of Walachia and Moldova were thus returned as ottoman territory later granted independence and eventually turned into moden day Romania
- - - - King Charles is forced to flee to Great Britain because of the riots of absolute monarchy
        
        in 1848 Louis-Philippe fell from popular favor
        
        Once again, a Paris mob overturned a monarchy and established a republic. The new republican government began to fall apart almost immediately. The radicals split into factions.
        
        Questions
        
        Was the election of Louis-Napoleon a victory for the radicals?
        
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        How were the actions of the radicals contrary to their philosophy?
        
        One side wanted only political reform
        
        The other side also wanted social and economic reform that would close up the differences in wealth between the “haves” and “have nots.”