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GOVERNMENT, TYPES OF GOODS IN ECONOMICS, Politics, economic systems -…

- - - - In the United States, people elect representatives to city councils, state legislatures, and Congress.
        
        WHAT DO THESE DIFFERENT BODIES DO?
        
        These bodies make laws to govern their respective jurisdictions.
        
        They also pass measures to raise money, through the imposition of taxes on such things as income, property, and sales.
- - - - DIRECT DEMOCRACY: a form of government where people participate directly in making government decisions instead of choosing representatives to do this for them
      - REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY: a form of government where voters elect representatives to make decisions and pass laws on behalf of all the people instead of allowing people to vote directly on laws
- - - - The government accumulates wealth and then redistributes it to citizens, primarily in the form of social programs that provide such things as free or inexpensive health care, education, and childcare.
      - In socialist societies, the means of generating wealth, such as factories, large farms, and banks, are owned by the government and not by private individuals.
      - In socialist countries, the government usually owns and controls utilities such as electricity, transportation systems like airlines and railroads, and telecommunications systems.
      - Governments in many socialist countries are oligarchies. e.g In China, the government is run by members of the Chinese Communist Party.
  - - - In the U.S., the democratic government works closely together with its capitalist economic system. The
      - The interconnectedness of capitalism & democracy affects the way in which goods and services are distributed.
      - The market provides many goods (private goods) and services needed by Americans. e.g, food, clothing, and housing are provided in large supply by private businesses that earn a profit in return.
      - disadvantages
        
        those who live in poverty cannot always afford to buy ample food and clothing to meet their needs, or the food and clothing that they can afford to buy in abundance is of inferior quality.
        
        it is difficult to find adequate housing; housing in the most desirable neighborhoods—those that have low crime rates and good schools—is often too expensive for poor or working-class (and sometimes middle-class) people to buy or rent.
        
        the capitalist market cannot provide everything (in enough quantity or at low enough costs) in order to meet everyone’s needs.
        
        so, how do the poor or working-class attain goods or services?
        
        There are some goods that the government provides. Such goods or services that are available to all without charge are called public goods.
        
        examples of public goods
        
        national security
        
        public education
        
        stability and security (e.g. military, police and fire department)
        
        public transportation
        
        mail service
        
        food, housing and healthcare for the poor
        
        if public goods and services are available to all without charge, how does the govt pay for them?
        
        The provision of these goods and services is funded by citizens paying into the general tax base.