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How do cells know when to grow and divide? - Coggle Diagram
How do cells know when to grow and divide?
Why do cells divide
cells need to be the right size
cells get damaged/are needed to repair damage
organisms need to grow and reproduce
Cell cycle
mitosis
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
cytokinesis
interphase
gap 1
cell grows and makes proteins
synthesis
DNA is replicated
gap 2
organelles for replication are made
hayflick limit
only 40-60 cell divisions
cyclins
rise and fall
move cell to next stage with CDKs
CDKs
stay the same
move cell to next stage with cyclins
mutations
substitution
deletion
insertion
mistake in tumor suppressor gene or oncogene
cancer
cancerous cells are smaller
ignore / receive wrong signals
proto-oncogenes
control the rate of the cell cycle
ONE mutation
mutated to oncogenes
acts as accelerator
tumor suppressor gene
slows down cell cycle
TWO mutations
acts as a non-functional brake pedal when mutated
DNA repair genes
repair DNA
most active in S phase where DNA is being copied
checkpoints in cell cycle
g1 checkpoint
cell size and nutrient levels checked
mistakes in DNA checked
g2 checkpoint
checks for mistakes in DNA
proteins and organelles for mitosis are checked
apoptosis
if cell cannot pass checkpoint