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Emily Flores P.2 Lymphatic/Immune System - Coggle Diagram
Emily Flores P.2 Lymphatic/Immune System
Disorders associated with the Immune system
tuberculosis
hand,foot and mouth disease
polio
measles
hepatitis B
cholera
toxoplasmosis
malaria
haemophilus influenza type B
chickenpox
meningitis
tetanus
(pinworm )enterobiasis
smallpox
pertussis
Cells involved in the immune system and their functions
White blood cells/Lymphocytes
Natural Killer cell
(Natural Killer cells) Defend the body against viruses and cancer cells (Pathogens)
T Cell
Differentiate into plasma cells when an antigen presenting cell comes in contact with them
Activate B cells and they kill cells on cell to cell contact
Neutrophils
engulf smaller particles
Macrophages
(Third line of defense) recognize and remember specific foreign molecules on particular pathogens
Passive vs. Active immunity
Passive -short-term immunity, obtained by receiving antibodies
Active - long-lasting immunity, obtained through antigen exposures
Antigens and antibodies
antibodies
are proteins secreted by plasma cells
DO NOT destroy antigens
Defensive mechanisms used by antibodies
Neutralization
Simplest, but one of most important defensive mechanism
Agglutination
Allows for antigen-antibody complexes to become cross-linked into large
lattice-like clumps
Precipitation
Complement fixation
Main antibody defense against cellular antigens (bacteria, mismatched RBCs)
Antigens
substances that can mobilize adaptive defenses and provoke an immune
response
Can be a self-antigen
Contain antigentic determinants
Can be a complete antigen or hapten
Humoral response and cellular response
adaptive defenses
Cellular Immunity
Directly—by killing infected cell
Lymphocytes act against target cell
ndirectly—by releasing chemicals that enhance inflammatory response
Humoral Immunity
Anti-bodies produced by lymphocytes
Bind temporarily to target cell
Innate(natural) immune defenses and Adaptive(acquired) immune defenses
Innate defense system
first line of defense: external body like skin
second line of defense like antimicrobial proteins
nonspecific
Adaptive defense system
Specific
3rd line of defense attacks particular foreign substance
longer time process
humoral immunity (B cells )
cellular immunity (t cells )
Purpose and examples of First, Second and Third line of defense
Third
line of defense attacks particular foreign substances (takes longer to
react than innate
Second
Second line of defense: antimicrobial proteins, phagocytes, and other
cells (inhibit spread of invaders; inflammation most important mechanism
.
Innate system necessary if microorganisms invade deeper tissues; includes:
– Phagocytes
– Natural killer (NK) cells
– Inflammatory response (macrophages, mast cells, WBCs, and inflammatory
chemicals)
– Antimicrobial proteins
fever
First
First line of defense: external body membranes (skin and mucosae
.
Surface barriers are skin and mucous membranes, along with their secretions
– Physical barrier to most microorganisms
– Keratin is resistant to weak acids and bases, bacterial enzymes, and toxins
– Mucosae provide similar mechanical barriers
Major functions of the Lymphatic & Immune systems (include BOTH)
Lymphatic vessels collect and carry away excess tissue fluid, returns it to blood
Second Circulatory System
Contains lymphocytes which help defend body against disease
.
Location of Lymphatic
organs ad their functions
Thymus
Function
site for T cell maturation
Location
above the trachea
Lymph nodes
Location
through out the face/mouth
Function
Cleanse lymph and they are a site for lymphocyte activation and proliferation
Malt
Function
Prevent pathogens from penetrating mucous membrane
Location
Small intestine
Spleen
Function
Cleanse blood and removed aged or defective red blood cells, they are a site for lymphocyte activation and proliferation, and they store platelets, monocytes and iron
Location
under the left lung