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Seed food sovereignty: the community seed bank of Rampur, Dang, Nepal -…
Seed food sovereignty: the community seed bank of Rampur, Dang, Nepal
multiple functions
Conservation of rare and unique plant genetic resources
Making available diverse types of seeds and planting materials to the local community
Enhancement of local fine grain rice variety Tilki
Collaboration with extension agencies and private sector for obtaining services and facilitating the marketing of seeds
Promoting seed and food sovereignty in the community
Most farmer relied on rainwater for planting rice (main crop) Handful farmers ave access to surface water
Before establishment of seed bank
susceptible to bacterial leaf blight, and have to travel to Ghorahi 12 km away from the community.
Now community seed bank in Rampur become local choice for farmers
Persistency efforts of farmers ; community seed bank produces 36,5 tons of seed annually -accessed by 1000 farmers
Sukkha 2, Sukkha 3, Kachorwa 4 (popular variety)
production of seeds of 26 rice varieties
33 varieties of cereals
13 varieties of vegetables, 4 of legumes
8 varieties of oil seed
6 varieties of root and tubers
7 varieties of spices
Due to lack of water : Majority use to grow SArju 52 a variety release 30 years ago.
Conservation : Bhutan, Brazil, South Africa, Analyse of 35 cas studies brought together in Vernooy, Shrestha and Sthapit
14 are paying attention to actual or expected impacts of Climate change Bangladesh, Bhutan, Bolivia, Brazil, Honduras, India, Mali (2 case studies), Mexico, Nepal, South Africa, Uganda, Usa, Zimbabwe
Community seed Bank Bhutan
Strengthening farmers capacity of adaptation of variable agro-ecological and weather conditions
Effort maintaining existing Buckwheat varieties, restoring nearly disappeared one to enhance genetic diversity in area in situ
Coordinate by National Biodiversity Centre of Bhutan : put together a collection of varieties on the verge of being lost.
Used tor seed multiplication and distribution among farmer and storage in new community seed bank.
Minas Gerais, Brazil community seed bank (regional seed houses)
Effort in identification of the diversity and species density of varieties resistant to climate change
Seed houses plan to multiply and distribute the most resistant varieties at supra-local levels.
2 news Seed banks in smallholder farmers areas of South Africa
Aim to conserve local varieties for the short and long term
Restoring varieties that have disappeared from areas in recent years
Aim perform the functions of accessing novel diversity not conserved locally
Accessing seed areas where plants have adapted to extreme weather conditions.
Gumbu Village comm. Seed Banks in dry area Limpopo Province managed and operated by group 40 women farmers
Comm. Seed banks allows them maintain range of different crop species , varieties inherited from their parents, diversity, support their households with food supply and earns incomes from selling seeds.
Changes in weather : change in rainy seasons less than before,
Hard maintain seeds of traditional varieties and sometimes families force to consume all food crops and seeds = loss of 6 of their Sorghum varieties among others.
Exchange of seeds among farmers of different communities and cultures will help , stop the loss of crop diversity in the area with promotion and organization of such exchange by the local Seed banks . to cope with environment adversity.
Access and availabiilty : the Kiziba community seed bank, Uganda , establish in 2010 in Mbarara Sheema District of western Uganda.
Currently serves about 1,000 farmers in 10 villages.
Evolve from a small group of 30 farmers froms 2 villages
Collection about 25 varieties of beans to a collection of 70 in 2015
In 2014 they provide quality seed to 904 farmers in more than 10 villages , totalling 70 tonnes of seeds.
Many of local varieties in the area had been lost over the years due to climate changes, increased susceptibility pests and diseases and lack of marketing and opportunities
With the help National gene bank , lost varieties restores to community : total 29 varieties had been collected in the area were returned.
Five roles
Conserving seeds of local beans varieties in situ
Facilitating capacity building of farmers and communities in the production of quality seeds
Multiplying seeds of local varieties that are rare and unique or becoming less available to farmers and making them available every season.
Assessing diverse materials for different functional traits; early maturity or drought tolerance
Providing diverse seeds of good quality that have potential to adapt to climate change.
Colllecting seeds from farmers neighbouring villages and regenerating planting
farmers who borrow seeds from seed bank return double the amount after harvesting to ensure sustained supply
Each farmers is trained in seed production and management to ensure seed received in seed bank is of good quality.
Suvvey carried out in 2015 of 66 respondents who use the community seeds bank
Reveals noticeable climate change
Multiple manifestations: unpredictable cropping seasons ( 70% of respondents)
Unreliable rainfall patterns (84%)
Reduced rainfall amount (84%)
Temperatures spikes (92%)
Discussion between farmers and researchers about identifying varieties that would perform better under changing conditions.
Variety evaluation of diverse beans seeds available in the area by farmers, breeders and scientists
70 varieties currently held the community seed bank
21 remain popular among farmers especially because use them for household food security, and they rank highly for yield stability, pests , diseases tolerance, and for marketability
Kiziba farmers prioritised 5 varieties as the most important for climate change adaptation, drought resistant, early maturing, resistant to most pests and diseases.
Nambale
Kakira
Akeru
Nabe 14 (modern variety)
Kankuryemabrukye purple
others are grown by farmers for specific reasons not based on traits such as taste, specific colour, use in cultural festivals, nutrition purposes as baby foods, food for breastfeeding mothers, medicinal purposes.
Application of new technology to identify and mobolise germplasm based on the use of climate change analysis and geographic information system technologies and software
Identification of 10 varieties from national gene bank that were collected in country from places with similar climatic conditions as Kiziba
10 varieties from Rwanda national gene bank ( as part of a community seed bank exchange)
18 varieties from international gene bank collections (mainly from Centre for Tropical Agriculture, CIAT)of these 18 11 are suited for present climate conditions while 7 are suited for 2050s climate conditions.
all these newly obtained varieties currently being multiplied by national gene bank and biodiversity international research team for further testing and selection by the farmers in this community.
The varieties will be conserved by the farmers in the community seed bank and made accessible to the 1000 farmers who currently use the community seed bank.