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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM, NASHA RIAULINA HASIBUAN - Coggle Diagram
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
ENDOCRINE
Hypothalamus gland
maintaining homeostasis, namely the body's ability to remain stable when the surrounding environment changes.
melepaskan hormon untuk memberi tahu kelenjar pituitari (hipofisis) kapan harus melepaskan hormon lainnya
Pituitary gland (hypophysis)
directly connected to the pituitary gland which is below it. This pea-sized gland is located at the base of the brain and behind the bridge of the nose.
the hormone it produces will control the workings of other glands in the human endocrine system.
Hormone
Growth hormone (GH): regulates growth and metabolism
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH): stimulates the adrenal glands to secrete steroid hormones
Thyroid stimulating hormone: stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroid hormone
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH): stimulate the production of sex hormones in the ovaries or testes
Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH): stimulates the production of melanin in the skin
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH): maintains water levels and blood pressure
Oxytocin: stimulates uterine contractions during labour
Prolactin: stimulates milk production in the mammary glands
Pineal gland
produces the hormone melatonin which regulates the biological clock (circadian rhythm) and sleep schedule of the human body
Thyroid gland
located on the front of the neck, to be precise under the Adam's apple. The thyroid consists of two parts that are shaped like the wings of a butterfly
Hormone
Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3): regulate metabolic rate, control heart function, brain development, and bone growth
Calcitonin: regulates calcium and phosphate levels in the bloodstream
Parathyroid gland
a gland in the endocrine system that is about the size of a pea
The two glands are located immediately behind the two wings of the thyroid gland
control the level of calcium in the blood. Parathyroid hormone supports bone strength and keeps the nervous system and muscles working properly
Pancreas
berukuran sekitar 15 cm serta terletak di samping lambung dan usus kecil
Hormone
Insulin: converts excess blood sugar (glucose) into energy reserves (glycogen) so that blood sugar levels fall
Glucagon: converts glycogen back into glucose so that blood sugar levels rise
Adrenal glands
located on top of each kidney. This gland consists of two parts, namely the skin (cortex) and the inner (medulla)
Hormone
Aldosterone: helps balance salt and water in the body to maintain normal blood pressure
Cortisol: regulates the body's metabolism, responds to disease, and stimulates the production of glucose from glycogen
Androgens: support early development of male sex organs and growth of female body hair
Adrenaline: stimulates the production of glucose from glycogen and increases heart rate and blood pressure for the “fight or flight” response
Noradrenaline: activates the mechanism for the “fight or flight” response during stress along with cortisol and adrenaline
Gonads (Glands)
Testicles
This gland is in the scrotum (scrotum) which is located behind the penis
produce testosterone
Ovary
memproduksi dan melepaskan sel telur
Hormone
Estrogen: supports the development of female characteristics during puberty (such as breast growth) and controls the menstrual cycle
Progesterone: controls the menstrual cycle and prepares for pregnancy
Thymus (Nut) Gland
terdiri atas dua lobus berwarna kemerah-merahan. Pada bayi yang baru lahir, bentuk kelenjar timus sangat kecil, beratnya hanya sekitar 10 gram
setelah dewasa kelenjar timus akan berangsur-angsur menyusut.
Hormone
thymosin whose job is to support the work of T-lymphocyte cells in fighting infection and cancer cells
FUNCTION
emotions and moods
sexual and reproductive function
growth and development
sleep cycle
metabolic process
heart rate and blood pressure
HORMONE RECEPTORS
intracellular receptors (class I hormones)
Includes steroid hormones and thyroid hormones
Cell membrane receptors are grouped according to second messengers
Hormon yang bekerja dengan second messenger AMP- siklik
CRH, ADH, ACTH, MSH, FSH, LH, TSH, hCG, kalsitonin, PTH, katekolamin dan Somatostatin
Hormones that work with the second messenger calcium and phosphatidyl-inositol bisphosphate (PIP2)
TRH, GnRH, Vasopressin, oxytocin, cholecytokinin, gastrin, catecholamines, angiotensin II and PDGF.
Hormones that work with Cyclic GMP second messengers
ANF (atrial natriuretic factor
Hormones that work with second messenger tyrosine kinase
insulin, IGF-I, EGF, GH, prolactin, FGF, NGF and PDGF
consists of a collection of glands and organs that function to produce and release hormones into the human body.
NASHA RIAULINA HASIBUAN