Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
THE RESTORATION AND THE GRADUAL MODERNISATION OF SPAIN - Coggle Diagram
THE RESTORATION AND THE GRADUAL MODERNISATION OF SPAIN
THE REIGN OF ALFONSO XII: STABILITY OF THE REGIME
Two political elements made the regime stable
turnismo
the Constitution of 1876
elements
Suffrage
Rights and freedoms
Parliament
Religion
Sovereignty
Turnismo
Conservative Party
group of moderate politicians
supported by the aristocracy, the wealthiest bourgeoisie and the traditional middle classes.
Liberal Party
inherited the ideology of the Sexenio Revolucionario
supporters were members of the progressive and regionalist middle class
THE REGENCY OF MARÍA CRISTINA: CRISIS OF THE POLITICAL SYSTEM
During the regency, the political regime began to show signs of crisis.
The regional problem
different political movements emerged that were dissatisfied with the uniform centralism of moderate liberalism and that demanded regional identity
nationalist movements began to state their proposals
Basque nationalism
Catalan nationalism
The colonial problem
Cuba made constant demands for greater political and commercial autonomy
Cuban independence fighters,odid not want the island to become independent
great commercial benefits they obtained from it
The problem of popular representation
still electoral fraud
differences between official Spain and real Spain became more pronounced
many citizens were not represented in Parliament.
GRADUAL ECONOMIC MODERNISATION IN SPAIN
FINANCIAL CHANGES
financial institutions that could provide capital and loans to businesses
banks and credit institutions
1865
Banco de España was founded
Spanish tax system was unfair, penalising poorer people
SOCIAL CHANGES
Ruling high class
middle class
working class
AGRICULTURAL CHANGES
Agriculture most important sector of the Spanish economy
Production increased thanks to exportation.
still inequality of land ownership
THE LABOUR MOVEMENT
1873
Spanish Regional Federation of the International Workingmen’s Association was created
1879
Spanish Socialist Workers’ Party (PSOE), a Marxist party, was founded
1888
General Union of Workers (UGT)
main achievements by the labour movement were changes to employment legislation
protective laws on child labour
recognition of trade union rights
compensation for victims of accidents in the workplace
POPULATION DENSITY (1877)
DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES AND THEIR ECONOMIC REPERCUSSIONS
population grew less than those of other European countries during the 19th century
limited growth was the result of continued disaster-related high death rates
becaus ewars, famines and epidemics of diseases such as smallpox, measles, yellow fever, malaria and cholera.
life expectancy was very low, just 35 years in 1900.
