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Soviet invasion of Afaghanistan - Coggle Diagram
Soviet invasion of Afaghanistan
Second cold war begins
Afghanistan government replaced
The war lasted ten years. The Soviet troops remained in Afghanistan to fight opponents of Babrak Kamal, the Pro-Soviet leader who replaced Amin after he was assassinated
1.5 million civilian deaths
War costs Soviet Union $8 billion pear year
Consequences
End of Detente
Detente was a period in the late 1960s and early 1970s during which there an improvement in USA and the USSR relations and a lessening of tension in the Cold War
The Soviet invasion of Afaghanistan stoped this period, and caused futher tensions between the USA and the USSR
SALT 2 was abandoned
SALT 2 was an arms control agreement to mark the end of Detente which included:
A ban on the construction of new land based intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) launchers
A limit of 1320 multiple independently targetable re-entry vehicle (MIRV) for each side
A limit of 2400 nuclear delivery vehicles for each side
Due to the Soviet invasion, the treaty was never ratified
USA stopped exploration of grain to USSR
Lead to the election of Ronald Reagan
Economic sanctions imposed on Soviet Union by USA
Carter Doctrine announced
The USA would repell by force if necessary
Any threats to Amercian interests would cause the USA to repel
US boycott
1980 Moscow Olympics
The USA and 60 other nations boycotted
The USSR hoped to use the games to promote communism
Showed the influence of the USA in international affairs
Soviet boycott
1984 Los Angeles Olympics
15 communist countries including the USSR boycotted
Operation Cyclone
CIA operation
Included sending over $20 billion in funds and weapons to Afghanistan to support the Mujahideen
On December 24th 1979, 50,000 Soviet troops invaded Afghanistan claiming they had been invited by Amin to support his government against terrorists
Why did the USSR invade Afghanistan
Amin led a communist based government
Communism is a belief system that rejects religion and this was another reason for such obvious discontent with his government
The Soviet Russians claimed that they had been invited by the Amin government and that they weren't invading the country
They claimed that their task was to support a legitimate government and that the Mujahedeen were no more than terrorists
Thousands of Muslim leaders has been arrested and many more fled the capital and gone to the mountains to escape Amin's police
Thousands of Afghanistan Muslims joined the Mujahedeen- a guerrilla force on a holy mission for Allah. They wanted to overthrow the Amin government. The Mujahedeen declared a jihad- a holy war- on the supporters of Amin
Russia had millions of Muslim citixens in many of its provinces
The Soviet government were determined to send a message to their own Muslim citizens that no rejection of Communism would be tolerated
The prime minister, Hazifullah Amin, tried to sweep aside Muslim tradition within the nation and he wanted a more western slant
This outraged the majority of those in Afghanistan as a strong tradition of Muslim belief was common in the country