Foundation of Occupational Pathophysiology
Activities and performance of some occupational diseases
Occupational diseases caused by Physical Agents
1. Diseases caused by ionizing radiation. All work exposed to the action of x-rays or natural or artificial radioactive substances or to any source of corpuscular emission, and especially:
✅ Mining and processing of radioactive ores.
✅ Extraction and processing of radioactive minerals. o Manufacture of x-ray and radiotherapy equipment. o Manufacture of chemical and radiotherapy products.
✅ Manufacture of radioactive chemical and pharmaceutical products.
✅ Use of radioactive substances and x-rays in research laboratories.
✅ Manufacture and application of luminous products with radioactive substances in watch dial paints.
2. Cataract produced by radiant energy.
Work with incandescent glass, incandescent masses and surfaces, in foundries, steel mills, etc., as well as in carbide factories,
steel mills, etc., as well as in carbide factories.
3. Hearing loss or deafness caused by noise. Work that exposes workers to continuous noise with a sound level equivalent to or greater than 80 decibels for eight hours a day or forty hours a week, and especially:
✅ Boilermaking work. o Metal stamping, stamping, riveting and hammering.
✅ Boilermaking work. o Metal stamping, punching, riveting and hammering work.
✅ Work on swing shuttle looms.
4. Illnesses caused by work with compressed air .
✅ Underwater work in a caisson, with or without individual breathing apparatus.
✅ Interventions in hyperbaric environment.
✅Failure of pressurization systems during high altitude flights.
5. Osteo-articular or agineurotic diseases caused by mechanical vibrations.
✅ Work with portable tools and stationary machines for crushing, drilling, riveting, ramming, hammering, propping, pressing, polishing, chopping, etc. That produce vibrations.
A. ) diseases of the serous sacs due to pressure, subcutaneous cellulitis.
B. ) fatigue diseases of tendon sheaths, peritendinous tissues,
muscle and tendon insertions;
D. ) fatigue tearing of the spinous processes;
E. ) paralysis of the nerves due to the pressure
7. Nystagmus of miners .
Work at the bottom of mines.
Occupational diseases caused by chemical agents
1. Lead and its compounds. Extraction, treatment, preparation and use of lead, its ores, its alloys, its combinations and all products containing it, and in particular: *
✅Extraction, processing, metallurgy, refining, smelting, casting, rolling and casting of lead, lead alloys and lead metals.
✅ Manufacture and repair of lead accumulators.
2. Mercury and its compounds. Extraction, treatment, preparation, use and manipulation of mercury, its amalgams, its combinations and any product containing it, and especially: ✅ Extraction and recovery of the metal in mines and industrial waste.
3. Cadmium and its compounds. Preparation and industrial use of cadmium, and essentially:*
✅- Preparation of cadmium by processing of zinc, copper or lead.
✅ Manufacture of nickel-cadmium accumulators.
✅ Manufacture of cadmium pigments for paints, enamels, plastics, paper, rubber, pyrotechnics.
4. Manganese and its compounds. Extraction, preparation, transport, handling and use of manganese and its compounds, and in particular:
✅ Extraction, handling, transport and processing of pyrolusite, manganite, silomelane and rhodoprosite.
manganite, silomelane and rhodoprosite.
✅Manufacture of ferrous and non-ferrous alloys with manganese dioxide, especially ferromanganese (Martin - Siemens steel).
Occupational diseases caused by biological agents (infectious and parasitic)
parasitic)
1. Helminthiasis, duodenal hookworm, anguillulosis.
✅ Underground work, tunnels, mines, galleries, mushroom caves, etc.
✅ Work in swampy areas, rice fields, salt marshes
2. Malaria, amoebiasis, trypanosomiasis, dengue fever, papataci fever, relapsing fever, yellow fever, plague, leishmaniasis, yaws, typhoid and other rickettsial diseases Work in areas where these diseases are endemic.cas
3. Infectious or parasitic diseases transmitted to man by animals or by their products and carcasses (for tetanus, work with human or animal excreta shall also be included) .
✅ Work likely to come into direct contact with animals, vectors or reservoirs of infection or their carcasses.
infection or their carcasses.
✅Handling or use of animal waste. eo de despojos de animales.
4. Infectious and parasitic diseases of personnel involved in the prevention, assistance and care of the sick and in research .
✅ Work of health care and auxiliary personnel in contact with these patients in closed and open institutions and home services.
✅ Work in research and clinical analysis laboratories..
Other occupational diseases.
a) Occupational skin diseases caused by substances and agents not included in any of the other sections.
Skin cancer and precancerous skin lesions due to soot, tar, bitumen, pitch, anthracene, mineral oils, crude kerosene and the compounds, products, residues of these substances and other carcinogenic factors.
b) Occupational diseases caused by the inhalation of substances and agents not covered elsewhere.
included in other sections.
Pneumoconiosis..