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**Basic Sanitation & Environment - Coggle Diagram

- - - - The National Environmental Authority together with the National Environmental Council (3 ministers of state chosen by the president) and the inter-institutional The National Environmental Authority together with the National Environmental Council (3 ministers of state chosen by the president) and the inter-institutional system establishes a compliance schedule in which private companies must gradually adjust to the new national and international environmental norms and policies.
  - - - Control Technologies
        Air pollutant control equipment for stationary sources can be divided into two groups as follows: -
        :check: those used for the treatment of particulate matter and aerosols
        :check: and those used for the treatment of gases and vapors.
        
        For both groups, the main methods are presented below with a brief description of their principle of operation.
        
        1. The separation of particles by gravity The gas is made to enter through a large chamber equipped with plates against which it collides, so that the larger particles tend to sediment as the velocity decreases sharply.
        The gas enters through a large chamber equipped with plates against which it collides, so that when the velocity decreases sharply, the larger particles tend to settle.
        2. Cyclone separators The gas stream is circulated through a spiral chamber in such a way that the centrifugal force generated forces the particles to collide against the walls, losing their velocity and collecting at the bottom while the clean gas exits through the center of the cyclone.
        3. Wet separators An atomized liquid is injected into a chamber and circulates downward in a countercurrent to the clean gas.
        In a chamber, atomized liquid is injected downward in countercurrent to the gas so that the solid particles are carried along with the liquid, while the gas exits through the top of the chamber.
        4. Electrostatic separators The gas is passed through a chamber in the interior of which there are plates arranged in the direction of flow.
        These plates are connected to a high voltage source of direct current so that the particles are electrically charged and are then attracted to the plates of opposite charge from where they are detached by periodic percussion and then collected in hoppers at the bottom of the chamber.
        
        5. Fabric filters Also called bag filters, they consist of a series of cylindrical bags formed by a wire mesh covered on the outside with porous fabric "sleeves" that serve as filter media.
        Also called bag filters, they consist of a series of cylindrical bags formed by a wire mesh covered on the outside with porous fabric "sleeves" that serve as filter media.
        6. Absorption separators Used when the pollutant is gaseous, and consists of a liquid-liquid contact column consists of a liquid-gas contact column, in which there is a transfer of the contaminant from the gas to the liquid, leaving the gas contaminated, and the liquid with the contaminant dissolved in it.
        7. Adsorption separator These are systems consisting of a tower or column containing an adsorbent solid in its interior, with a
        These are systems consisting of a tower or column containing an adsorbent solid inside, through which the gaseous stream circulates, retaining the pollutant gas.
        8. Combustion systems. To eliminate certain polluting gases, it is feasible to burn them at high temperatures (1,200 to 1,500 °C), which will transform them into innocuous substances.
        9. Catalytic reduction systems. They consist of a reactor inside which there is a catalyst through which the polluting gas is circulated at the appropriate temperature; the catalytic reaction decomposes the gas transforming it into innocuous substances.
  - - - The prevention of waste generation is made clear by a number of concepts described below.
        The following is the priority order of action:
        Prevention, as the set of measures aimed at avoiding the generation of waste or the generation of waste.
        Prevention, as the set of measures aimed at avoiding the generation of waste or achieving its reduction, that of the amount of hazardous substances or pollutants present, or the reduction of the amount of waste generated.
        Recovery, defined as any procedure that allows the use of the resources contained in the waste without endangering human health and without using methods that may cause damage to the environment.
        Disposal, includes management procedures that do not allow the waste to be used (landfilling, landfill, etc.).
        waste (landfill and destruction).
  - - - Basic level of information
        It is provided by the LABEL on the original packaging of the product, providing a first basic information about the substance or preparation to be handled.
      - Specific level of information
        Sometimes the information provided by the label of a substance is not SUFFICIENT to assess the potential hazards of handling, storage or transport. In these cases, it is necessary to resort to a more detailed and complete level of information to help prevention technicians and department heads to properly manage the risks presented by these substances.