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THE RESTORATION AND THE GRADUAL MODERNISATION OF SPAIN, image, image,…
THE RESTORATION AND THE GRADUAL MODERNISATION OF SPAIN
The reign of alfonso XII stability of the regime
Alfonso XII was crowned king
Bringing an end to the First Republic
Restoring the monarchical system
Two political elements made the regime stable
Constitution of 1876
Sovereignty
It was in the hands of the parliament and king
Parliament
Formed by an elected Congress and Senate
Suffrage
The governments were allowed to choose the system used
Universal manhood suffrage
Rights and freedoms
Many rights were declared
Freedom of expression, association and assembly were often restricted
Religion
Catholicism was the official religion
Turnismo
It was a system introduced by conservative politician Cánovas del Castillo
Turnismo
Was based on the corrupt alternation of parties in powe
The selected party formed a new government and called general elections
Electoral manipulation was used to win elections
The regency of maría cristina: crisis of the political system
The problem of popular representation
Although universal manhood suffrage was introduced in 1890
There was still electoral fraud
Many citizens were not represented in Parliament
The regional problem
Defended the expression of their own culture
Nationalist movements
Catalan nationalism
The first newspaper in Catalan began to be published
Basque nationalism
Sabino Arana founded the Basque Nationalist Party
The colonial problem
Cuba made constant demands for greater political and commercial autonomy
Uprisings in the Philippines.
The United States intervened in the conflict between Cuban independence fighters and the Spanish army
Spain eventually lost the wa
The Treaty of Paris
Spain ceded
The Philippines
US
Puerto Rico
Cuba
Guam
The Disaster of 1898
National crisis
Gradual economic modernisation in spain
Demographic changes and their economic repercussions
Spain’s population grew less than those of other European countries
High death rates
Caciquismo
Developed in rural Spain
They had a large social influence because they controlled employment contracts and municipal jobs
They often had armed followers who intimidated the population
Financial changes
The Banco de España was founded
Many credit associations were established
Foreign capital
Spain needed foreign capital because it did not have enough of its own financial resources
Tax system was unfair
The labour movement
The Spanish Regional Federation of the International Workingmen’s Association was created
Spanish Socialist Workers’ Party
General Union of Workers
Wages increased slightly
