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THE RESTORATION AND THE GRADUAL MODERNISATION OF SPAIN, image, image,…
THE RESTORATION AND THE GRADUAL MODERNISATION OF SPAIN
THE REIGN OF ALFONSO XII: STABILITY OF THE REGIME
Bourbon dynasty returned to the Spanish throne
end to the First Republic
restoring the monarchical system
Constitution 1876
combined moderate elements with more advanced elements
of the democratic liberalism of 1869.
Elements
Suffrage
Rights and freedoms
Parliament
Religion
Sovereignty
Turnismo
2 Parties
Conservativ party
Liberal party
The election was manipulated in favour of the party that the king had chosen
THE REGENCY OF MARÍA CRISTINA: CRISIS OF THE POLITICAL SYSTEM
In November 1885, Alfonso XII died of tuberculosis
María Cristina, became the regent
political regime began to show signs of crisis.
Problems
problem of popular representation
regional problem.
nationalist movements
Catalan nationalism
In 1901, the Regionalist League of Cataluña was founded
Basque nationalism
In 1894, Sabino Arana founded the Basque Nationalist Party.
The colonial problem
Treaty of Paris
conflict between Cuban independence fighters and the Spanish army in 1898.
Disaster of 1898
Spain lost the last colonies by USA
GRADUAL ECONOMIC MODERNISATION IN SPAIN
Spain was a mainly agricultural country in the 19th century
contributions the end of the century.
industrialisation
gradual construction of a railway network
They led to modest but constant economic modernisation.
DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES AND THEIR ECONOMIC REPERCUSSIONS
Spain’s population grew less than those of other European countries
high death rates because of wars
life expectancy was very low, just 35 years in 1900.
AGRICULTURAL CHANGES
most important sector of the Spanish economy during the 19th century
Production increased thanks to exportation.
There was still inequality of land ownership
FINANCIAL CHANGES
In 1865, the Banco de España was founded
Spanish tax system was unfair, penalising poorer people.
THE LABOUR MOVEMENT
Spanish Regional Federation of the International Workingmen’s Association was created
Spanish Socialist Workers’ Party (PSOE)
was founded in Madrid by the printer Pablo Iglesias in 1879.
found the socialist General Union of Workers (UGT) in 1888.
